Articles Related to Antibodies

Candida albicans is an opportunistic agent that can produce systemic infections in immunosuppressed patients. By varying its cell wall antigens this fungus can evade the immunological response by varying its cell wall antigens. On the other hand, Larrea divaricata Cav. (Jarilla) is a widely spread plant in America and it is used in folk medicine to treat several pathologies. It has been shown that antibodies against Jarilla proteins of crude extract (JPCE) cross-react with proteins of other microorganisms such as Gram-negative bacteria.

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus is an etiological cause of lower respiratory tract infections. Due to the controversial therapeutic approach, it has a significant share in the causes of hospitalizations and even fatal outcomes concerning children up to two years of age. The elderly patients, especially the immune compromised and those with co-morbidities, are at a great risk of developing severe conditions because it is often not considered as pathogen. Those are the reasons which determine the necessity of prophylaxis of the abovementioned target groups of patients - children up to two years of age and adults over 65 years of age.

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Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA)is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease. It is characterized by arthrosynovitis with resultant joint destruction . So, an early clinical diagnosis along with simple serological tests like anti CCP antibodies, C –reactive protein ( CRP) and Rheumatoid factor (RF) play an important role .An attempt was made to study and compare these parameters in OPD and IPD RA patients in our hospital setup, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi. Aims and Objectives: To study the role of RF , Anti-CCP antibodies and CRP in early detection and prognosis of Rheu- matoid arthritis. Materials and Methods: A Total of 440 samples were studied from January 2018 to December 2020 (3years). Correlation between Rheumatoid factor(RF) ,anti CCP antibodies and CRP in suspected RA patients from various departments like PMR , Orthopaedics , Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics was attempted. RF and CRP was performed using latex agglutination test and anti CCP antibody by ELISA. Results and Conclusion: Of 440 samples tested, all the factors were positive in 87 patients . Anti CCP and RF alone was seen in 32 patients. RF and CRP positive in 49 patients, RF alone in 22 patients. In 250 patients all the tests were negative. So, Anti CCP along with RF and CRP showed a better positive predictive value in patients of Rheumatoid arthritis. But positivity of these parameters even in patients who lack sign and symptoms also aids in better diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

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There is a need to develop a universal vaccine that can boost immunity to coronaviruses if some modifications in their structure occur. This is what we are dealing with nowadays: a virus that can mutate its structure, while immunity is standing still in facing the virus. We report on preclinical trials of CRCx 3 and CRCx 2 vaccine candidates in inducing an elevated level of positive neutralizing antibodies as well as a cellular immune response in an animal model to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2. Highly efficient protection against SARS-CoV-2 was obtained with three-dose immunization using 0.25 ml of CRCx vaccine with a 25-mm needle at 7-day intervals between successive injections. In addition, CRCx vaccine candidates exhibit efficient productivity and good genetic stability for vaccine manufacture. These results support the further evaluation of CRCx in a clinical trial.

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Asthma is a common chronic airway disease affecting about 334 million people worldwide, and an estimated 7 million children globally. Approximately 10% of patients with asthma have severe refractory disease, which is uncontrolled despite using high doses of inhaled corticosteroids and other modifiers. Among these patients are patients with eosinophilic asthma. Eosinophilic asthma is a phenotype of asthma that is usually very severe and persistent, with frequent exacerbations. It is characterized by the presence of high levels of eosinophils, and CD+4 Th2 cells in the lungs and airways. Eosinophils play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and severity of asthma. Most patients with eosinophilic asthma respond to the classic stepwise guided treatment. However, 50% of patients with eosinophilic asthma are refractory to corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonists. Currently, there are targeted personalized biologics for these patients. These biotherapeutics include IgE, interleukin and interleukin receptor monoclonal antibodies,they have added advantageous steroid-sparing effects.

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Neospora caninum is a world-wide distributed apicomplexan parasite, causative agent of bovine neosporosis, which is one of the major causes of reproductive losses in cattle affecting both dairy and beef industries. Several techniques are regularly used for the diagnosis of bovine neosporosis.

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Colostrum-derived transfer factors are among the highest potential natural immunostimulatory food supplements. In our study, we evaluated the possible effects of supplementation with various compositions that included transfer factors in phagocytosis, TNF-α and IL-2 secretion, antibody formation and NK cells activity. We found significant improvements of all these immune reactions after 7 days of supplementation.

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The CIGB-552 peptide is a synthetic peptide that exerts cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. Thus, CIGB-552 peptide quantification in patient samples is crucial for assessing the treatment efficacy. Therefore, this study describes the generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against the CIGB-552 peptide to be used in a quantification assay in further pharmacokinetic studies in humans. In this sense, the CIGB.552-H294 mAb specificity was evidenced only against the CIGB-552 peptide and a metabolite of 17 amino acids resulting from the CIGB-552 peptide degradation detected in mouse sera.

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Demyelination induced by cuprizone-is a widely used experimental model to analyze processes of re- and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we used C57BL/6 mice; a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mimicking important aspects of human multiple sclerosis, to evaluate effects of cuprizone-dependent demyelination on different parameters associated with autoimmune inflammation. The treatment of mice with cuprizone leads to a significant decrease of several indexes characterizing spontaneous and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55)

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In recent years, increasing evidence has pointed to the potential role of fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of MS. Based on hypotheses describing the aggressive autoimmune responses observed in MS patients, a result of impaired between (t-PA and PA1-1) which are a key molecules in both fibrinolysis and extracellular proteolysis. The present study was done to investigate the therapeutic potential of polymerase enzyme in modulating the changes occurred between levels of Tissue- type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) in patients with multiple sclerosis. A pilot study was carried out on a total of twenty-one patients (17 females, 4 males; aged 22-46 years) with demyelination suggestive of MS and clinically silent T2 brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

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Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease in humans, is a widely spread protozoan in Latin America. Chronically infected people are asymptomatic during an indeterminate stage but can represent a significant risk of transmission due to blood donations and organ transplants. Blood transfusion is recognized as the second most important path for transmitting of Chagas disease

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This research proposed a treatment for the symptoms of the disease – skin rash, intestinal tract and cervical spine disorders. The treatment proposed (by the use of combined disinfectants) proofed effective for the treatment of skin rash. The researchers hope that this treatment will be adopted by health practitioners. Further study could look into the treatment of skin rash, along with intestinal tract and cervical spine disorders.

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A 22 year-old male with an unspecified family history of hematologic diseases was admitted complaining of chest pain.

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Cross-sectional study was conducted to examine and identify quality of raw bovine milk from in Arsi Zone and East Shewa Zone, in Oromia, Ethiopia. The purpose of the study was to assess hygienic practices during milking, milk collection and bacteriological quality of cow’s milk in Arsi and East Shewa Zones milk collection centers.

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Sudden death has varied causes, and autopsy is usually required to determine cause of death. Sarcoma involvement is very infrequent, and detailed pathological evaluation is needed for correct diagnosis.

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