Articles Related to Culture

Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are among the most commonly cultivated horticultural crops on the earth covering an area of 7.5 million hectares with around 70 million tons production. Grapes being highly nutritious are majorly utilized in making beverages or used as fresh and raisin. In today’s world, the most concerned topic in agriculture is continuous change in climatic conditions leading to several negative social, ecological, economical and biological problems. Grapes are delicate fruits, their vines are sensitive towards extremes in temperature, water, heat, duration and intensity of light exposure as well as carbon dioxide and humidity alterations. Hence, one can shift to drought and heat tolerant varieties and certain training and pruning methods suitable to the prevailing environmental conditions. Vineyard management practices, including farm mechanization can be amended for improving the gains, while reducing the input

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Patient safety has become a priority issue in health policy and healthcare management around the world. Assessing physician’s attitudes about issues relevant to patient safety is the first stage of developing a safety culture. This study aimed to measure patient safety culture among physicians in Abderrahman Mami hospital, Ariana, Tunisia.

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Physical and environmental stress in conjunction with hectic lifestyle and unhealthy food habits are the major cause of diverse neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative neuronal injury and acetylcholine deficiency have a major impact on learning and memory retention. Most of the treatment strategies are based on the improvement of cholinergic function in the brain and one of the emerging therapeutic targets is to enhance the acetylcholine level in the brain. Standardized botanical extracts including Huperzia serrata (1% Huperzine A, CogniUp), Convolvulus pluricaulis (SP) and Celastrus paniculatus (JY) have been demonstrated to attenuate brain function by serving as a natural acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor.

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This article examines the current state of soil and water resources, farmland in Azerbaijan Republic, the problem of progressive water and wind soil degradation, the need for the organization of agriculture, taking into account the introduction of automated control systems for irrigation using water saving technology and hardware equipment in it, the study of the characteristics and analysis of experience implementing measures to stabilize ecological and drainage system of agriculture in conditions of insufficient moisture areas in the country, as well as basic aspects of development of environmental reclamation approach balanced, rational use of a particular system of crop rotation and crop taking into account the requirements of economic development and environmental management.

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Most important studies about plant-parasitic nematode have been performed especially for major crops, such as soybean, rice, corn, and wheat. However, the damage caused by these pathogens in general horticulture should have more attention. Nowadays, horticulture yield results have been relevant, allowing to show its worldwide power in economies and food. In addition, human hunger and diets changes have highlighted the current horticulture scenario and increased efforts towards solutions in diseases and losses caused by phytopathogens. Nematode infection has been the cause of important yield losses in horticulture and the genus Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus are reported to be the most important threats. In addition, as horticulture is associated with a wide number of products, the compilation of information regarding damages, symptoms, resistance, novel solutions and other concepts for phynematode management allows for the better comprehension of the whole situation. Herein, we integrated information about the damage and losses caused by these pathogens in horticulture. Resistant genotypes seem to be the best alternative and, due to wide horticulture aspect, the focus is especially for life sustaining horticultural, such as banana, cassava, potato, and sugar beet. In addition, it was also provided evidence regarding how studies have been conducted on new strategies for resistance and control, such as the elucidation of effector’s functions. Nematode effectors studies, focus on the development of new resistant plant genotypes, is an auspicious strategy against this parasites.

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Fish protein concentrated of Silver carp minced, was obtained in three steps using solvent (Isopropanol), drying and pressing using dry temperature (60 °C), and this concentrate had 93% protein, which according to Aquatic protein sources have a high nutritional value and are used to enrich other food products.

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Calf morbidity and mortality are important causes of economic losses on dairy farms worldwide. A cross-sectional study and clinical observation was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 with the objective of determining calf morbidity and mortality and to investigate the potential risk factors for mortality and morbidity in Sululta and its environs. A total of 312 respondents engaged in market oriented small holder dairying were interviewed using a structured questionnaire survey about their farm and calf management practices and major calf health problems encountered and diseases that causes mortality. The overall magnitude of morbidity and mortality of calves were 31.0% and 58.37%, respectively. The major calf diseases found were diarrhea (69.34%), pneumonia (16.54%), liver fluke (2.4%), bloat (2.0%), joint ill (2.4%) and other cases (8.04%). Risk factors such as weaning age, breed and awareness of colostrums, feeding of calf and overall farm management were included. In this study 80.3% of calf mortality occurs under age 3 month and 19.42% is above 3 month. Based on laboratory examination, Salmonella and E.coli were detected from diarrheic calves. Salmonella found at rate of 2/29 (3.6%) and E.coli found at only genus level. In conclusion, the magnitude of calf morbidity and mortality found in this study were much higher than economically tolerable level and could greatly affect the productivity of the dairy farms through mainly decreasing the availability of replacement stock and production of milk. It is therefore, suggested that implementation of improved calf and farm management practices and proper environmental protection in the study areas would significantly reduce calf mortality and morbidity.

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Human female- derived osteoblast- like cells in culture (hObs) and the cell lines (SaOS2 and hFOB) express mRNAs involved in bone biology and physiology such as estrogen receptor α (ERα) and α (ERα), vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1α, 25 (OH) vitamin D3 hydroxylase (1OHase) and 12 and 15 lipoxygenases (12LO and 15LO). These mRNAs are modulated by estrogenic compounds. Since the skeletal protective effects of estrogens are not discernible in diabetic women, we tested the estrogenic modulations of these parameters in cells grown in growth medium containing high glucose (HG; 9.0g/L; 44mM) compared to normal glucose (NG; 4.5g/L; 22mM). HG significantly increased DNA synthesis (DNA) and creatine kinase specific activity (CK). Stimulations of DNA but not of CK by estradiol-17β (E2), by 4, 4’, 4’’-[4-propyl-(1H)-pyrazol-1, 3, 5- triyl] tris-phenol (PPT; ERa specific agonist), or by 2, 3-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN; ER β specific agonist), were modulated by HG. HG Itself up regulated the expression of mRNA of 12LO and 15LO and to less extent ERβ and VDR, but had no effect on ERα and 1OHase mRNA expression. The different hormonal treatments modulated the expressions of VDR, 1OHase, 12LO and 15LO mRNAs which were reduced in HG, whereas the induction of their products 1α, 25 dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1,25D) and 12- and 15- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12 and 15 HETE) were only slightly affected by HG. The exact mechanism of HG effects on bone cell responses and its relationship to human bone physiology is not yet clear.

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The Mediterranean Sea is catalogued worldwide as one of the 25 “hot spots” in terms of biological diversity [1]. However, it hosts many threatened species including turtles, marine mammals, rays and sharks, with chondrichthyans being the group exposed to the highest risk, with 42% of the species living under some type of threat [2]. On the other hand, a third of the other species studied in these waters, are not under any apparent risk [3].

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Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that require living cells in order to replicate. Cell culture for propagation and identification of viruses is an important component of the clinical virology laboratory. In general, diagnostic tests can be grouped into three categories: direct detection, virus isolation and serology. Direct examination methods can usually give a result either within the same or the next day. Immunofluorescence is widely used for the rapid diagnosis of virus infections by detection of virus antigen in clinical specimens and detection of virus-specific antibodies.

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There has been little advance in embryo selection criteria since the first IVF. To this day, we select embryos by morphological criteria, which provide little information as to the actual embryo quality.

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Self-immolation is most commonly observed in the Middle East and Western Asia. It is far less common in the Western world. Documented cases in the West indicate that victims are more likely to be immigrants, indicating that there may be cultural influences that motivate this behavior. We have performed a literature review on self-immolation in order to better understand the cultural differences behind selfimmolation and the psychopathology related to this specific behaviour.

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Buccal mucosal urethroplasty has revolutionized the surgical management of urethral strictures but the success of the procedure has been variable in different series. We have attempted to understand the interplay between buccal mucosal epithelial cells (BME) and the fibroblasts at the molecular level using connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as a marker so that translation of this information would help in better urethroplasty outcomes. Materials and Methods: The morphological and functional characteristics of normal urethral fibroblasts (NUF) and urethral stricture fibroblasts (UStF) with and without co-culture with BMEs are compared. The intracellular and extracellular level of CTGF expression in the UStF co-cultured with BMEs was analyzed by using molecular biology methods.

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The Central Province of Zambia contains the majority of the nation’s malnourished children, despite being the most productive province in terms of Agriculture.

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In assisted reproduction of cattle the design and preparation of in vitro culture media has been instrumental in supporting the development of bovine oocytes and embryos. In vitro production (IVP) involves three main sequential steps: oocyte aspiration and in vitro maturation (IVM); in vitro fertilization (IVF); and in vitro culture (IVC) of early pre-implantation embryos.

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