Articles Related to Detection

Diabetic macular edema (DME) has become one of the most potential complications that results in loss of vision in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Treatment outcomes that have been predicted directly with advent of machine learning (ML) methods after the initial anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection, has become extremely vital in the management of DME. Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the efficiency of the ML regression models which were developed and validated to predict the possible post-injection central subfield thickness (CST) value and distant vision best corrected visual acuity (DV BCVA) in eyes with DME before the anti-VEGF injection is administered at either treatment initiation or during treatment monitoring. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India from January 2010 to December 2020. The model development emphasized on an ensemble ML system consisting of four ML models that were developed and trained independently using the clinical parameters to predict the post injection CST value. The dataset consisting of 906 patients with total of 1874 samples [Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and clinical parameters] were divided into trained and test set, and the model was validated on test dataset. The predicted CST values was then compared against the respective sample’s post injection actual CST value. The comparative results were measured in terms of Correlation Coefficient and Mean Absolute Relative Error (MARE). Results: On evaluation, we found that Support Vector Regression (SVR) with linear kernel performed best among the other models with four different scenarios in term of both CST and DVBCVA prediction with correlation coefficient of 0.65, 0.73, 0.75, 0.85 and 0.83, 0.87, 0.89 and 0.92 respectively.

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Early blight is one of the major diseases of tomatoes that affects the leaves and fruit quality. Detection and estimation of the disease severity are performed using the visual observation method. Visual detection requires significant time for visual inspection of a large cultivated area. Thus, image processing techniques have proven to be an effective method as compared to visual analysis. In this study, digital image processing methods and techniques were used to detect early blight of tomato, estimate the disease severity, and classify tomato leaves. Totally, 198 infected plants were randomly taken from the Haramaya University research site "Raree" at four different times. Diseased potato leaf images were captured, resized, and stored for experimentation. The stored images were processed using median filtering to remove noise while preserving useful features in an image and image enhancement. The RGB images were transformed to gray scale and CIELAB color space, and the k-means clustering was applied to estimate the disease severity of the potato leaves, and Otsu’s thresholding algorithm was applied to estimate the disease severity of both the detached and live leaves. MATLAB algorithms will be developed to determine the total area and infected lesion area of the leaf samples.

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Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA)is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease. It is characterized by arthrosynovitis with resultant joint destruction . So, an early clinical diagnosis along with simple serological tests like anti CCP antibodies, C –reactive protein ( CRP) and Rheumatoid factor (RF) play an important role .An attempt was made to study and compare these parameters in OPD and IPD RA patients in our hospital setup, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi. Aims and Objectives: To study the role of RF , Anti-CCP antibodies and CRP in early detection and prognosis of Rheu- matoid arthritis. Materials and Methods: A Total of 440 samples were studied from January 2018 to December 2020 (3years). Correlation between Rheumatoid factor(RF) ,anti CCP antibodies and CRP in suspected RA patients from various departments like PMR , Orthopaedics , Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics was attempted. RF and CRP was performed using latex agglutination test and anti CCP antibody by ELISA. Results and Conclusion: Of 440 samples tested, all the factors were positive in 87 patients . Anti CCP and RF alone was seen in 32 patients. RF and CRP positive in 49 patients, RF alone in 22 patients. In 250 patients all the tests were negative. So, Anti CCP along with RF and CRP showed a better positive predictive value in patients of Rheumatoid arthritis. But positivity of these parameters even in patients who lack sign and symptoms also aids in better diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

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The virulent Escherichia coli strains are responsible for extraintestinal infections. However, no past studies have been undertaken via the presence of virulence genes, ability of biofilms formation and the frequency of Escherichia coli pathovars recovered from different butcheries and slaughterhouses in Tunisia. The aims of this study was to investigate 1-) the prevalence of pathogenic E. coli strains isolated from bovine, ovine, and poultry meat in Tunisia, 2-) to determinate the antibiotic resistance profiles, and 3-) to determine their biofilm-forming ability by three phenotypic methods .Totally, 36 E. coli isolates from meat of healthy animals (bovines, ovine, and chickens) collected from different butcheries and slaughterhouses were investigated by searching by PCR genes encoding virulence factors (hlyA, stx1, stx2, fimH, papC, eaeAet papG allèle III, ibeA, iutA, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Biofilm production was detected by three phenotypic: Congo Red Agar (CRA) method, tube method (TM) and tissue culture plate (TCP) method. In addition, the genetic relationship of isolates was determined by PFGE.

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We report the theoretical investigation of type-I InGaAsBi/InGaAs superlattice short-wave infrared detector nearly lattice matched to InP substrate such as the quaternary InGaAsBi/InGaAs layer is the absorption region. The used bismuth composition is about 5.5%, the Bi incorporation induced a cut-off wavelength red-shift from 1.6 µm to 3µm at room temperature (RT), and showing a band gap reduction about 362meV.

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Criminals have an aim, to not leave any evidence behind at the scene of crime. Some offenders assume that objects recovered from aquatic environment have no forensic value therefore; they attempt to wipe out the evidences by throwing them (traces like murder weapon) in water.

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Neospora caninum is a world-wide distributed apicomplexan parasite, causative agent of bovine neosporosis, which is one of the major causes of reproductive losses in cattle affecting both dairy and beef industries. Several techniques are regularly used for the diagnosis of bovine neosporosis.

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Monocrotophos is a extremely hazardous organophosphate insecticide that is extensively used and easily accessible in India.

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Forensic Scientists are required to identify an ever increasing and more complex assortment of drugs and related compounds.

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Undetected colonic polyps are considered a major cause of interval cancer of the colon. The Automatic Polyp Detection System (APDS) (Magentiq Eye LTD, Haifa, Israel) was developed to enhance the ability of endoscopists to detect polyps during screening colonoscopy. It is designed to be used both in real-time and offline. APDS runs directly on the video output of the endoscopic camera and highlights the polyp on the screen. APDS utilizes the power of Deep Learning and Computer Vision in order to improve polyp detection rates thus improving the performance of the endoscopist.

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Undetected colonic polyps are considered a major cause of interval cancer of the colon. The Automatic Polyp Detection System (APDS) (Magentiq Eye LTD, Haifa, Israel) was developed to enhance the ability of endoscopists to detect polyps during screening colonoscopy. It is designed to be used both in real-time and offline. APDS runs directly on the video output of the endoscopic camera and highlights the polyp on the screen. APDS utilizes the power of Deep Learning and Computer Vision in order to improve polyp detection rates thus improving the performance of the endoscopist.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a single stranded, positive RNA virus belonging to the Hepeviridae family. HEV infection can cause an acute hepatitis that is self-limited. However, fulminant hepatic failure can occur in patients with underlying chronic liver disease, in the elderly, and in pregnant women. Genotypes 3 and 4 (HEV-3 and HEV-4) are present in humans and other animals, and are the main cause of autochthonous cases of hepatitis E in industrialized countries.

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The synthesis of ternary quantum dots (TQDs) have a significant effect on the use of nano scale crystals in biology, photonics and photovoltaic. Rather than controlling the size of TQDs, making three-component TQDs is also an approach to changing the energy of their barrier width, typically using three-component substances such as Znx Cd1-xSe.

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It is widely held that older adults are unlikely to self-report their abusive situation to officials such as adult protective services (APS). The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which older adults self-report or alternatively, disclose to informal sources of support who in turn place official reports. Interviews were conducted with 71 APS caseworkers, 55 of their older clients, and 32 non-abusive persons familiar with the situation. The same person who detected also reported the abuse in only 69% of the cases. While 39.5% of the older victims detected their abuse, only 18.3% also reported the abuse. The remaining older victims disclosed to someone who in turn placed a report. By listening to victim’s voices, it was revealed that at least some older adults exercise considerably more self-efficacy in their abusive situation than official reporting statistics indicate. Implications for research and policy are discussed.

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The microbiological quality of coastal or river waters can be affected by faecal pollution from human or animal sources. Contamination of fresh produce with pathogenic bacteria can be attributed directly or indirectly to the raw wastewater (domestic, industrial effluents, human and animal excrement). This includes water sources that are routinely used for crop irrigation and produce washing. An efficient MST (Microbial Source Tracking) toolbox consisting of several host-specific markers would, therefore, be valuable for identifying the origin of the faecal pollution in the environment and thus for effective resource management and remediation. As a result, the need for expanding from traditional techniques to molecular methods has been highly recommended.

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Human odor detection technologies have drawn attention due to the wide possibility of potential applications they open up in areas such as biometrics, criminal investigation and forensics, search for survivors under rubble, and security checkpoint screening. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been the most successful and powerful analytical approach developed to date for human odor analysis, and hundreds of human odorants have been identified using this tool.

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The application of electronic-nose (E-nose) technologies in forensic science is a recent new development following a long history of progress in the development of diverse applications in the related biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Data from forensic analyses must satisfy the needs and requirements of both the scientific and legal communities. The type of data collected from electronic-nose devices provides a means of identifying specific types of information about the chemical nature of evidentiary objects and samples under investigation using aroma signature profiles of complex gaseous mixtures containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from manufactured products and parts of the human body. E-nose analyses also provide useful qualitative information about the physicochemical characteristics and metabolic conditions of human subjects without the need for time-consuming analyses to identify all chemical components in human-derived volatile mixtures.

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