Articles Related to Enzyme

Covid-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which hit the world in December 2019 is one of the worst medical emergencies people have ever encountered. Human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the entry path of this virus to the host that regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Hypothesis: Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection may be affected by ACE rs4646994 and ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphisms.

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Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency-4 (CoQ10D4) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by childhood-onset of cerebellar ataxia and exercise intolerance. Molecular pathology responsible for clinical findings is mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction. The main clinical manifestation involves early-onset exercise intolerance, progressive cerebellar ataxia and movement disorders. Some affected individuals develop seizures and have mild mental impairment, indicating variable severity.

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Despite extensive research, the incidence of diabetes continues to increase, and the management of diabetes needs improvement, because in 2016, more than 100,000 patients had lower extremity amputated, suffered ischemic heart disease and stroke. Analysis of investigations indicates that increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation enhance the risk, progression, diabetic–related complications, and reduce effectiveness of drug therapy. Therefore, simultaneously attenuation of these cellular abnormalities may help in reducing the risk of development, progression, and prolonging the effectiveness of drug therapy.

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Multiple myeloma is a malignant disease caused by monoclonal proliferation of multiple myeloma plasma cells [1]. In patients, high-dose melphalan chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation are administered. Common side effects of high dose melphalan are oral mucositis, enteritis, and neutropenia [2].

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Gullo´s syndrome is a benign pancreatic hyperenzymemia that appears in healthy individuals and that is maintained over time, with fluctuations and transient normalization of pancreatic enzyme values in the absence of any evidence of clinical or morphological pancreatic disease. Its correct diagnosis is important to assure the carriers of the defect that there is no pancreas disease and to avoid unnecessary examinations, treatments and hospitalizations.

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Calf morbidity and mortality are important causes of economic losses on dairy farms worldwide. A cross-sectional study and clinical observation was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 with the objective of determining calf morbidity and mortality and to investigate the potential risk factors for mortality and morbidity in Sululta and its environs. A total of 312 respondents engaged in market oriented small holder dairying were interviewed using a structured questionnaire survey about their farm and calf management practices and major calf health problems encountered and diseases that causes mortality. The overall magnitude of morbidity and mortality of calves were 31.0% and 58.37%, respectively. The major calf diseases found were diarrhea (69.34%), pneumonia (16.54%), liver fluke (2.4%), bloat (2.0%), joint ill (2.4%) and other cases (8.04%). Risk factors such as weaning age, breed and awareness of colostrums, feeding of calf and overall farm management were included. In this study 80.3% of calf mortality occurs under age 3 month and 19.42% is above 3 month. Based on laboratory examination, Salmonella and E.coli were detected from diarrheic calves. Salmonella found at rate of 2/29 (3.6%) and E.coli found at only genus level. In conclusion, the magnitude of calf morbidity and mortality found in this study were much higher than economically tolerable level and could greatly affect the productivity of the dairy farms through mainly decreasing the availability of replacement stock and production of milk. It is therefore, suggested that implementation of improved calf and farm management practices and proper environmental protection in the study areas would significantly reduce calf mortality and morbidity.

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The term Myocardial infarction signifies sudden necrosis or death of a portion of cardiac muscle due to an inadequate blood supply. Myocardial infarction results from prolonged myocardial coronary thrombus at the site of a preexisting atherosclerotic stenosis. The major cause of acute myocardial infarction is atherosclerosis. It is three to four times more frequent among men than w]omen.

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The Vespa orientalis venom, a secretary substance from arthropod wasps has attracted considerable interest as a potential source of pharmacological substances. Photo detoxified snake venom has been used for dementia, dengue fever, atherosclerosis, cancer, and diabetes. There was no scientific evidence on the photooxidized Vespa orientalis venom of Indian origin as well as its protein characteristic.

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In recent years, increasing evidence has pointed to the potential role of fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of MS. Based on hypotheses describing the aggressive autoimmune responses observed in MS patients, a result of impaired between (t-PA and PA1-1) which are a key molecules in both fibrinolysis and extracellular proteolysis. The present study was done to investigate the therapeutic potential of polymerase enzyme in modulating the changes occurred between levels of Tissue- type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) in patients with multiple sclerosis. A pilot study was carried out on a total of twenty-one patients (17 females, 4 males; aged 22-46 years) with demyelination suggestive of MS and clinically silent T2 brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

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In West Africa, where Human Immunodeficiency Viruses 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) co-circulate, serological assays allowing the reliable serotyping of HIV infection are needed.

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Polyphenols are a main antioxidant in the old tea leaves. These bioactive compounds have been linked with a reduced of risk cardiovascular and cancer.

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Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare myocardial ischemic disease that threatens patients’ life. Various risk factors are associated with SCAD, such as smoking, severe hypertension and psychological reasons. Considering the formation of dissection, SCAD can be divided into intimal tear type or intraluminal hemorrhage type.

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This paper aims to review in literature the main mechanisms of oxidative stress, pointing out the major formed metabolites, the mechanisms of cell damage and major antioxidants. Oxygen is essential to human life. The formation of free radicals (FR) is closely related to oxygen consumption, a mechanism that occurs with an incomplete reduction of this molecule.

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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy has been found to be commonly present in many organisms. However, the studies on the mitochondrial heteroplasmy within group of fishes are currently lacking. This specific purpose of this study was to investigate the mtDNA heteroplasmy in different organs within group of common carp.

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A monoclonal antibody (Mab) designated as GHR106 was generated against the extracellular domain (N1-29 synthetic peptide) of human gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor. It is a first-in-class GnRH analog and can serve as a drug candidate for potential applications in the treatment of human cancers and/or fertility regulations.

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