Articles Related to Fish

Fish are a commonly available type of vertebrate that rely on both congenital and acquired immunity to protect against pathogens. Congenital immunity acts as their first line of defense, while acquired immunity is crucial in defending against specific pathogenic infections. Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes play a significant role in their innate immunity and are essential to their immune system. To better understand the evolutionary status of TLRs in fish and their adaptive immune defense characteristics, researchers analyzed ten fish species' TLR7 and TLR13 gene sequences using the NCBI and Ensembl databases

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Fisher exact test is one of most popularly used methods in modern data analyses. However, it is conservative because of discreteness. The mid-p method may reduce the conservativeness but it is defined by the factor 1/2, an extra term beyond data. This paper considers an adjustment defined by a data-based factor. The adjusted test is compared with other ten tests. Special attention is given to the comparison between the data-based factor and the factor 1/2. The standardized version of the adjusted test is asymptotically standard normal.

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The classical Fisher exact test [1], which is unconditionally the uniformly most powerful unbiased (UMPU) test, requires randomization at the critical value(s) to be of size α. Obviously, one needs a non-randomized version of this. Rejecting the null only if the test-statistic’s outcome is more extreme than the critical values, reduces the actual size considerably. The modified Fisher exact test introduced in [2] additionally rejects the null when the test attains the critical value c(t) and the randomization probability γ(t) (that depend on the total number of successes T) exceeds a threshold γ0, which is determined such that, for all values of the nuisance parameter, the size of the unconditional modified test is smaller, but as close as possible to α. This greatly improves the size and power of the test as compared to, for example, the conservative nonrandomized Fisher exact test, while controlling the Type 1 error rate.

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Fishing is considered a favorite pastime and source of living for many, but rare incidences can happen and end up in serious ocular injuries. Here we are presenting 3 cases of fish hook penetrating eye injuries for a year in Hospital Serdang, Malaysia. 2 of them were fishing while the third was a bystander.

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This research was performed to explore the impacts of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation of fish diets with variable energy contents on the growth performance and blood serum parameters of Nile tilapia fish. Nile tilapia Juveniles with an average weight of 20 g were cultured in glass aquaria and fed four formulated pelleted diets for 60 days. Our experiment was divided into four experimental groups: the first group (G1) was fed a basic control diet without any GAA supplementation. The other experimental groups, G2, G3 and G4, were fed diets with different levels of energy (25, 50 and 75 kcal/kg less than in the control, respectively) and supplemented with 0.06% GAA.

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Fish protein concentrated of Silver carp minced, was obtained in three steps using solvent (Isopropanol), drying and pressing using dry temperature (60 °C), and this concentrate had 93% protein, which according to Aquatic protein sources have a high nutritional value and are used to enrich other food products.

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This study was conducted at Lake Hashenge, Tigray, Ethiopia to identify parasites of fish. The objective of this study was to identify parasite of fish at Lake Hashenge, to determine the prevalence of parasitic disease of fish, to have baseline information about fish parasite in The lake Hashenge. A total of 442 different species of were sampled from the period of November 2008 to April 2009. Those include 217 of Mirror carp and 225 of Oreochromis niloticus. The fish were thoroughly examined both externally and internally for the presence of parasites. In this study the major parasites identified were CLinostomum genera 96(44.2%) in the Mirror carp and 64(28.4%) of Orechromis niloticus. Clinostomum species recovered from the feaces of the fish (gastrointestinal tract). The nematode genera of Capillaria identified from the GIT of 13(6%) Mirror carp and 14(6.2%) Oreochromis niloticus. The genera of Acanthocephalus were recovered from the GIT of 29(13.4%) of Mirror Carp and 25(11.1%) Oreochromis Niloticus. The adult of the genera Camllanus was recovered from 20(9.2%) of Mirror Carp and 27(12%) of Oreochromis Niloticus.

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This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of levamisole on the immune enhancement of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against potential bacterial pathogens, Fish with weight of 98±5 g were randomly distributed into seven groups each at a rate of 20 fish per 300-L aquarium and fed on a diet containing 0.0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 or 1500 mg levamisole/kg diet for eight weeks.

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Among persons with early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resected for cure, appropriate use of adjuvant chemotherapy is an important additional determinant of survival. Oncology quality improvement initiatives focus on reducing overuse, underuse, and misuse.

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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy has been found to be commonly present in many organisms. However, the studies on the mitochondrial heteroplasmy within group of fishes are currently lacking. This specific purpose of this study was to investigate the mtDNA heteroplasmy in different organs within group of common carp.

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Here we describe the case of a 35 year old male, with a harmonic phenotype, who sought medical assistance to assess the etiology of his infertility. As a result of clinical examination, karyotyping, FISH and molecular studies, we obtained the following karyotype: mos 45,X[18]/46,XY,idic(Y)q(11.2)[82]. Furthermore, the Y chromosome was characterized by the absence of the regions AZF2 (former AZFb, within the 11.22 band, and AZFc, within the 11.23 band), whereas the region AZF1 was conserved. Male infertility can be caused by several genetic alterations.

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