Articles Related to IDO

We already know a lot about the world around us and, in general terms, understand how things work. Of course, some problems have not yet been solved: the behavior of black holes, the mysteries of quantum entanglement, the transparency of dark matter. It is not clear how life arose from dust. However, we hope to eventually understand everything that we do not yet understand, because we believe in the power of our minds. But the problem of the mind itself stands apart. There is nothing more complex in the world than consciousness. Here we have to comprehend ourselves and it is not entirely obvious that this is possible. Let's say the meat grinder is quite primitive, but she doesn't know it.

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Pathologists are frequently involved in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis on conventional biopsies and cytology specimens. Histology generally does not pose difficult tasks in the correct clinical and imaging scenario, but atypical forms of sarcoidosis exist, and in these cases, the diagnosis may become difficult. The final diagnosis always requires the careful integration of the histology with the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings. The differential diagnoses of sarcoidosis includes granulomatous infections, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pneumoconiosis, autoimmune diseases, drug reactions, chronic aspiration, and even diffuse fibrosing diseases. In this study, we discuss the histomorphological aspects of Sarcoidosis, along with radiological, biochemical and clinical aspects. The most important finding is the presence of non caseating granulomas by histology which needs to be interpreted in the light of appropriate clinico-radiological and laboratory findings. This study emphasises the role of the pathologist and discusses the differential diagnosis.

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Introduction: Mechanical disorganization of the bacterial biofilm is the cornerstone of the prevention of gingivitis and periodontitis periodontal diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the periodontal health of schoolchildren in Widou, Ferlo. Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of schoolchildren living in Widou in the centre of Ferlo. The survey was exhaustive and concerned the only school in the locality. The epidemiological data collected concerned oral hygiene practice, periodontal health and socio-demographic characteristics such as sex, age and educational level. The degree of hygiene was assessed by the Silness and Loe plaque index (Plaque Index); inflammation and bleeding on probing were assessed by the Loe and Silness gingival index (Gingival Index). Results: In a total of 126 schoolchildren, boys and girls were equally represented and the average age was 10 years +/- 2.16.Sixty-nine percent (69%) of the children examined did not use a toothbrush. Of these, more than 47% reported brushing 3 times a day. The plaque index mean value was 1.23 and 99.2% of the population had a moderate plaque control. The average gingival index was 0.96 and 80.2% of the sample had moderate gingival inflammation. Conclusion: The study showed a relatively low rate of toothbrush use in contrast to the tooth stick and a relatively high rate of periodontal index. Communication-based approaches to behaviour change in children are needed to improve periodontal health.

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Amyloidosis is the finale pathway of a metabolic disorder in the body that can be primary or secondary leading to abnormal extracellular deposition of proteins in one or more tissues. Thyroid damage is very rare.

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Clopidogrel is used for acute coronary syndrome and prevention of atherothrombotic events. To improve clinical outcomes, patient adherence to treatment is necessary. However, continuous use of branded product may cause economic burden to patients and healthcare system. The Government Pharmaceutical Organization (GPO), Thailand had developed a generic product of clopidogrel to reduce cost of treatment and improve accessibility to medicines for Thai people.

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Pirfenidone capsules are indicated for the treatment of patients with Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The Bioavailability of two formulations containing pirfenidone 267 mg hard gelatin capsules was compared in a bioequivalence study under fed conditions. The study was single dose, randomized, open label, two-period crossover, with Brazilian healthy subjects, males and nonpregnant females.

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Amyloidosis involving the vascular musculoskeletal system is rare and currently, there is no standard treatment protocol for the treatment of skeletal muscle AL amyloidosis associated with vascular myopathies. Furthermore, the data on the efficacy and safety of autologous stem cell transplant is unclear. In this rare case, a biopsy-proven diagnosis of AL type amyloidosis with an unusual presentation of proximal muscle weakness significantly improved with high dose melphalan followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. The patient achieved and maintained remission for a year post-transplant

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Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) comprises of complex visual hallucinations secondary to visual impairment in the presence of preserved cognition. Age related macular degeneration and other factors causing visual deterioration lead to visual hallucinations in 10-15% of patients. Sensory deprivation and social isolation are risk factors for development of CBS. The distressing hallucinations are underreported by patients and to date there are no robust evidence based guidelines to manage these hallucinations. Since visual hallucinations are associated with multiple psychiatric disorders as well, these patients are often referred to mental health providers. Here, we present the case of CBS development after macular degeneration. Rapid and sustained resolution of visual hallucinations and associated distress was observed with low dose Risperidone.

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Carnitine, a common compound in living organisms, is involved in a number of metabolic functions from lipid metabolism to defense metabolism

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Stridor in children is not uncommon reason to visit emergency department and usually due to croup but inhalation of toxic substance may cause severe stridor which is uncommon

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Sanfilippo syndrome, a type of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease. The disorder is characterized by bone abnormalities (i.e. abnormally long arms and legs when compared with the trunk length), as well as abnormal bone shapes and skin thickening.In general, patients with Sanfilippo syndrome have sharp and coarse facial features, thickening of the lips and enlargement of the mouth and tongue. Hypoplasia of hard dental tissue is also present. The parents of a 5-year-old female patient were referred to Konya Oral and Dental Health Hospital because of tooth pain. A full dental examination could not be conducted because the patient was not cooperative. Thus, we decided to perform the patient’s treatment under general anaesthesia. As the patient had a history of difficult intubation and the planned dental procedures could be completed in a short time, under sedoanalgesia.

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Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic disease caused by thermo- dimorphic fungi of Paracoccidioides genus that is endemic in several Latin American countries. The treatment for this disease can be performed with different drugs. In general, it is a long duration treatment that aims the control of the clinical manifestations. Even after treatment, the patient usually shows relapse and incapacitating sequelae, such as fibrosis and pulmonary emphysema.

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A numerous methods are being used for synthesis of gold nanoparticles (NPs) in liquid media, in micelles and at different interfaces. The size and geometry of NPs depend on parameters of synthesis. Here we propose the growth of Au NPs on atomically flat mica surfaces. In such conditions the monocrystalline and isotropic NPs are being simultaneously formed on the surface.

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The microbiological quality of coastal or river waters can be affected by faecal pollution from human or animal sources. Contamination of fresh produce with pathogenic bacteria can be attributed directly or indirectly to the raw wastewater (domestic, industrial effluents, human and animal excrement). This includes water sources that are routinely used for crop irrigation and produce washing. An efficient MST (Microbial Source Tracking) toolbox consisting of several host-specific markers would, therefore, be valuable for identifying the origin of the faecal pollution in the environment and thus for effective resource management and remediation. As a result, the need for expanding from traditional techniques to molecular methods has been highly recommended.

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To determine the causes of wildlife morbidity and mortality in East Tennessee, we performed a retrospective analysis using 14,303 records from cases presented to the wildlife clinic of the University of Tennessee between 2000 and 2011. The cases were first categorized into herptile (includes reptiles and amphibians), mammal, or avian and then classified into 1 of 20 groups based on the primary admitting/presenting sign. The top reasons for presentation were trauma, found abandoned/orphaned, hit by automobile, cat-related injury, and dog-related injury. Overall mortality was 45.3% for the herptile cases, 57.6% for mammal cases, and 65.1% for avian cases. There are a variety of reasons animals were presented to the clinic, and some appear to be attributed to anthropogenic factors such as automobiles (n = 1253) and habitat destruction (n = 218), while the origin of others, such as trauma and disease remain unknown. This study confirms the importance of monitoring wildlife morbidity and mortality as an indicator of ecosystem health and of focusing efforts to reduce the anthropogenic threat on native habitats and resident wildlife populations.

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