Articles Related to MR

This study compared the dosimetric characteristics of Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques regarding target volume coverage and dose to heart, spinal cord, and lung for patients with breast cancer. We analyzed the dosimetric differences of plans in the treatment planning system (TPS) between IMRT and VMAT in treating breast cancer. The aim of this study is to compare the dosimetric aspects of IMRT plans with VMAT according to EMAMI, QUANTEC, and RTOG protocols

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Management of Breast cancer requires multidisciplinary team approach (viz, Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, Hormonal therapy & Targeted therapy). Radiotherapy reduces the risk of breast cancer mortality for women after breast conserving surgery and for women after mastectomy for node-positive disease. One of the organs at risk in breast cancer therapy is esophagus. As such, there is potential to expose greater volumes of esophagus to radiation. This may result in increased frequency and severity of acute radiation esophagitis during treatment. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate dosimetric parameters such as mean dose (Dmean) maximum dose (Dmax) which may influence the incidence and severity of esophagitis in breast cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Material and Methods: Treatment plans of post mastectomy patients who had already received adjuvant RT of dose 50 Gy in 25 # over 5 weeks to the chest wall along with Supraclavicular field (SCF) using 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D CRT) and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) were selected. Mean dose (Dmean) and maximum dose (Dmax) to esophagus was assessed. Results: Dosimetric parameters assessed are Dmean and Dmax. Dmean assessed up to less than or equal to 11Gy and Dmax assessed upto less than or equal to 34Gy. The average of Dmean in this study is 8.34Gy which is within normal limits of prescribed dose. The mean Of Dmax in this study is 24.80Gy which is in limits of prescribed dose. Conclusion: Increased dose to esophagus in observed when IMRT is used especially when supraclavicular or internal mammary nodes are involved. Routine contouring of esophagus and planning accordingly may reduce oesophageal dose and acute oesophageal toxicity.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Autoimmune Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular junction disease caused by destruction of the acetylcholine receptor on the postsynaptic membrane, mediated by autoantibodies and clinically characterized by skeletal muscle weakness. This can be triggered by drugs, infections, and in rare cases by vaccines. During the COVID pandemic, de novo cases and exacerbations of myasthenia gravis due to viral infection have been documented. Although few cases related to COVID vaccination. A 69-year-old female patient with blurred vision, a clinic that began 10 days later after receiving first dose of COVID vaccine, and diplopia and right palpebral ptosis after the second dose, 30 days later. In the examination, Edrophonium test was clearly positive, treatment with pyridostigmine and prednisone was started and after 14 days the clinic showed improvement until the resolution of the symptoms There are few reports of exacerbations or triggers for the appearance of myasthenia gravis, a series of 27 cases has been published where there are outbreaks of immune-mediated diseases or the new appearance of autoimmune diseases, in which it is observed that the time of appearance of the outbreak was on average 4 days up to a maximum of 25 days. In conclusion, Myasthenia gravis is a rare complication of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine. Its potential severity and the current lack of knowledge of the real incidence after vaccination makes it necessary to maintain an attitude of vigilance in the face of symptoms that suggest it.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

CLCN2 related leukoencephalopathy (CC2L OMIM#: 615651) is a recently identified rare disorder, caused by autosomal recessive mutations in CLCN2 gene, leading to the dysfunction of its encoded CLC-2 chloride channel protein with characteristic brain MRI features of leukoencephalopathy

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Non-uniform native T1 (T10) distribution influences reliable measurement of Ktrans: a pharmacokinetic parameter (Ktrans) that quantitatively measures neovascularization of the tumor tissue that has been used for the classification of malignant breast lesions and to monitor therapy response.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Since December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has reached catastrophic proportions. Many patients required admission to the intensive care units (ICU), stressing the capacity of public health systems. The workload in the emergency departments (ED), especially the ICU, has dramatically increased, creating a pressing need to optimize resources through risk stratification for critically ill COVID-19 patients.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Staphylococcus aureus is a serious risk to public health as it triggers human infections ranges from wound abscess to life threatening states. As involvement to the global effort the objectives of this study were to examine the incidence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Taif region, Saudi Arabia. Moreover, this work aimed to estimate the relation between the phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the antibiotic resistance genes mong MRSA isolates. A total of 67 wound specimens were taken from patients. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was selected by growing on Mannitol Salt Agar supplemented with methicillin (5 mg/l). The prevalence of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) wound carriage among patients was 51 and 49 %, respectively.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Haemangiomas are the most common benign incidentally detected hepatic lesions with a prevalence of ~20%. Most of them have typical imaging features and are easily diagnosed on triple phase studies. These are capillary, flash and giant hemangioma. Another subset of haemangiomas are Sclerosing hemangiomas or atypical haemangioma; these are sclerosed, thrombosed and/or hyalinised due to which these are heterogenous and show varied appearance making them difficult to diagnose.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Congenital anorchia is an uncommon clinical condition. Etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms are often unknown. Although some patients with anorchia present with ambiguous external genitalia or micropenis, most have a normal phenotype. XY Disorders of Sex Development classifications are numerous and success rate in establishing a precise diagnosis is far lower than in XX karyotype.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury of the elbow was often observed in asymptomatic adolescent basketball players. We aimed to clarify the clinical interpretation of “asymptomatic MCL injury observed on MRI” by comparing MRI, ultrasonography (US), and physical findings.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the greatest fears with the number of serious infections on human health regarding antibiotic resistance. It causes a wide range of infections and bacteremia, ranging from inconsequential superficial skin infections, wound suppuration, even pneumonia or deep-seated tissue infections, which may lead to sepsis and fatalities.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Introduction: Among the neuroinflammatory disorder of CNS, Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a multifocal, subacute or acute onset disease that has got current interest of neurologists for its better outcome. Very few studies have been carried out on ADEM particularly in adults of our country. So we performed the study to describe short term motor outcome of hospital admitted ADEM patients.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

In a number of applications, one has access to high-dimensional time series data on several related subjects. Natural example comes from medical experiments: brain fMRI time series data for various groups of patients, be it controls or individuals with a specific mental disorder.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Current cancer treatments by immune checkpoint blockades are limited due to severe adverse events caused by alteration of the immune system required for homeostasis of normal tissues. Common cancer chemotherapy alters the quality of patients’ lives. Platinum-based treatment can lead to severe neurotoxicity with chronic debilitation. Additionally, survival of patients with epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) has remained poor despite extensive cytoreductive surgery, high dose chemotherapy, checkpoint blockades and immunotherapies effective in some other types of cancer. The pathobiology of EOC cancer stem cells (CSCs) is not well understood. Observations demonstrate that EOCs exhibit in vivo two distinct CSC types - perivascular diploid CSCs dividing asymmetrically with the help of the host suicidal CD8+ T cells, and haploid CSCs at the cancer abdominal surface originating from meiosis I cytokinesis of bulk surface cancer cells. The perivascular CSCs contribute to the cancer cell bulk and, via left ovary venous blood, can cause EOC liver metastases. Haploid CSCs released from the bulk cancer surface cause the common pelvic and abdominal EOC spread. Former elimination of the host antibodies blocking T cell effectors by intermittent doses of cyclophosphamide exhibiting significant immunomodulatory anticancer effects, facilitation of the immune system reactivity against alloantigens of cancer cells by blood transfusions, and augmentation of anticancer immunity by bacterial toxins, resulted during the subsequent treatment-free period into rejection of inoperable EOCs without any adverse events during the treatnment. To help prevent cancer relapses, patients treated for advanced primary epithelial cancers should be considered as candidates for continuously stimulating immune anticancer activity by treatments such as daily metformin and weekly lentinan consumptions.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

After capybara, paca (Cuniculus paca) is the largest rodent in the neotropical region and the body weight varies from 5 to 10 kg, and may reach up to 14 kg. They are animals that reach sexual maturity at around 10 months of age. The aim of this research is to examine, through radiography, the femur, tibia and fibula of the paca. The animals were anaesthetized for radiographic exams. At 6 months of age, the growth line of the femoral proximal epiphysis ceases to perform its functions. At 12 months of age, there is the closure of the line growth of distal femoral epiphysis. At the paca’s tibia, at 12 months old, there was the closure of the growth of the proximal epiphysis. In the distal epiphysis, the closure of the line growth also occurred at 12 months old. At the paca’s fibula, the bone activity of proximal epiphysis ceases with only 23 months old. The distal fibular epiphysis ends its development with 15 months. There are similarities and differences relative to the closure of the pacas’ epiphysis femur, tibia and fibula comparing with dogs and cats.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text