Articles Related to NE

Recycling is an important tool to cope with and sustainably manage rapidly increasing waste generation, and promoting local practices such as informal recycling is vital in developing countries. is study identies determinants of informal recycling that residents of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal practice by selling the recyclable waste to scrap dealers. e data comes from a households survey conducted with around 1200 households in the Valley in 2012. Informal recycling is important because it complements inecient and expensive waste collection services, diverts waste from the landll site, and helps the city to develop sustainably. We found that people who compost are 11.8 to 12.8 percent more likely to recycle in comp

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Desalination has become one of the main alternatives to compensate for water shortages. Although seawater desalination is expensive and has many environmental risks, it is still an important option to compensate for water shortages in Egypt. The discharge of liquid waste (especially heavy metals) from the station into the sea has a negative impact on the water, so the spatial distribution of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and copper) shows high concentrations near the outlets of both AlQusayr and the port of Al-Qusayr. Hamata desalination plants in the southern Red Sea. As for higher quantities of heavy metals - higher than the standard values - such as (Cu, Pb, Cd), they are classified as seawater pollutants, whether they show evidence of toxicity or not. The study demonstrated that seaweed has bio-absorption properties and can effectively absorb heavy metals from the surrounding water, and thus it can serve as a bio-indicator in tools for monitoring the degree of pollution, as well as evaluating water desalination activities

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Toxicology deals with the measurement and analysis of toxins. It is itself a vast branch of science, though it has several branches and one of these is forensic toxicology. Forensic toxicology is a branch of toxicology that lines up with other disciplines, namely clinical chemistry, postmortem forensic toxicology, human performance toxicology and forensic drug testing, providing medical jurisprudence of adverse effects such as drug abuse, poisoning and death. The key role of forensic toxicology is to identify and analyse the toxin compounds found during adverse events. This review paper aims to draw an idea about the toxin, in the collected biological chemical samples such as urine samples and their effects on their day-to-day life

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The determination of the postmortem interval (PMI) towards assisting in medicolegal investigations is a frequent requirement in any developed jurisdiction. Each of the latter has prevailing peculiarities, especially with many operating variables that include seasonal changes. There is a dearth of information about the decompositional pattern and progress of cadavers deposited on the ground in Nebraska, a jurisdiction lying within the Central Great Plains of North America. The present study, using an experimental pig was designed to consider the entomological peculiarities within a geographical area exhibiting taphonomic characteristics, and during a defined season.

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Background and Objective: Septic shock remains an impatient cause of morbidity and mortality. Early restitution of the circulation improve tissue oxygen delivery and increase survival. This study is a prospective randomized single center study its main objective is to investigate the therapeutic value of hypertonic saline in patients with septic shock. Methods: Fifty-two critically ill patients admitted with septic shock divided into two groups, the first group received isotonic saline (control group) starch, while the second received hypertonic saline 5%.

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The present paper contains experimental analysis of the spatiotemporal structure of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in a packet-pulse excitation mode widely used as an effective tool for plasma modification of various media. The motivation is the need to optimize the conditions for DBD plasma obtaining with a homogeneous diffuse structure. It is shown that for a discharge gap of the millimeter range (1–3 mm) in atmospheric air, under certain conditions, a number of new plasma phenomena are possible - the effects of an increase in the density (total number) of filamentary discharges over time, both unchanged and with a decrease in the area of the filaments, as well as the formation of complex space-time structures. An interpretation of this phenomenon is proposed. Homogeneous diffuse discharges are obtained in a standard electrode configuration with a single dielectric

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Maize is an economically important crop worldwide. As the world population increases, there is a great need to develop high yielding and stress resistant maize varieties. To provide a future platform for maize improvement, we tested mature embryos as alternative explants for the regeneration of three economically important maize inbred lines: CML331, CML442 and CML444.

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The aim of controlling/regulating cellular processes by surface patterning of biomaterials is a crucial concept in emerging research fields, where the precise fabrication of micro-nano surface topographies is required at manufacturing scales to meet consumer demand. Photolithography is typically employed for surface patterning; however, the high cost, process complexity, and lack of environmentally friendly and sustainable methodologies represent steep barriers for many researchers. Soft lithographic methods have been utilised extensively as a potential alternative for traditional photolithography, yet a photolithographic step is still required for initial template fabrication. Here, we demonstrate the use of repurposed optical consumer items such as DVDs, diffraction glasses, and gratings that would otherwise be thrown away after their useful lives, being used here as a sustainable approach as templates for the formation of complex nano-patterns. By replicating these templates in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polylactic acid (PLA), we show the varied interactions of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMC) to these surfaces. Notably, it was demonstrated that, in comparison to nonpatterned substrates, HAoSMC interaction (adhesion, spreading, and viability) was higher on DVD patterned surfaces compared to diffraction glass and grating patterned surfaces according to the results from cell metabolic activity (MTT and Alamar Blue), and proliferation (total DNA) assays. We demonstrate that a simple, reusable, inexpensive, yet robust technology could be a powerful tool in improving our understanding of cell-surface interactions and for the potential development of medical devices with micro- and nanoscale low or high adhesion features

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Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVBCL) is a rare but aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is characterized by the malignant proliferation of lymphocytic tumor cells in the lumens of capillaries, small arterioles, and post-capillary venules. There exists two clinical variants: the Asian variant and the Western variant. The former is associated with neurologic and dermatologic signs and symptoms, whereas the latter often presents with splenomegaly, jaundice, and hemophagocytes. Lymphadenopathy is uncommon, and patients typically have nonspecific symptom

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Anaplasma marginale is the etiological agent of bovine anaplasmosis, one of the most prevalent tick-borne diseases of cattle in tropical and subtropical regions that causes significant economic losses to cattle industry. Cattle that survive infection remain persistently infected for life. Immunity against A. marginale infection seems to require both humoral and cellular mechanisms. Antibodies against A. marginale neutralize bacteria by interacting with Major Surface Proteins (MSPs). For this reason, MSPs are believed to be one of the best candidate antigens for vaccine development. Research carried out in the last few years has helped us to understand the antigenic composition of A. marginale and to develop new potential vaccine formulations. Desirable bovine anaplasmosis vaccine must induce protective immunity as well as prevent infection and transmission

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Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera) is referred to as the “natural nutrition of the tropics”, and in the Philippines, as “mothers’ best friend”. It possesses many health benefits and is also used in disease prevention and therapy. The enhancement of moringa’s natural potency is a scientific challenge that has yet to be thought of. We found enhanced inherent characteristics in the moringa leaf by irradiating using our recently invented 2-6µm mid-infrared ray generating atomizer (MIRGA). The achieved benefits were a more desirable taste and aroma, and an enhanced shelf life, thus increasing the potential transportation distance, quality, and palatability. This scientific achievement was supported by suitable instrumentations and sensory evaluation

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The main aim of this project is to formulate and evaluate Clindamycin peel-off gel face mask against Acne vulgaris. Peel off gel mask of Clindamycin phosphate was formulated using different excipients like Triethanolamine, Carbopol, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Glycerine, Xanthan gum, and Benzyl alcohol. Formulation of different composition of polymer was formulated and their pH, extrudability, homogeneity, spreadability, viscosity, washability and other parameters like drug content, permeability and drug release were evaluated. The result showed that the concentration of PVA and Carbopol which are the main polymers used in the formulations had effect on the drug content, drug release, permeability, spreadability and other parameters. The peel off mask prepared by using different concentration of these two polymers showed satisfactory result in all the evaluated parameters.

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A trial was carried out on growing lambs to compare conventional protein supplementation of sugarcane with soybean meal with Saccharomyces cerevisiae enrichment produced by solid-state fermentation. Yeast enrichment enabled sugarcane stalks to increase their crude protein content from 4% to 12%. No difference was obtained between these two forms of supplementation on the daily growth of 80.2 and 76.8 g per day for enriched and non-enriched sugarcane respectively.

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Urinary stone is the presence of one or more stony concretes located at any level of a segment of the urinary tract. It is a worldwide problem that can affect all groups of ages and the prevalence has been increasing over time. Urolithiasis affects about 12% of the world population at some stage in their lifetime. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of urinary stone among adult patients attending in Tigray hospitals, Ethiopia.

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Alarmed by numerous worrying reports by the European Food Safety Authority related to widespread contaminations of plant-derived commodities by poisonous alkaloids (nicotine, pyrrolizidine alkaloids), the sources of these alkaloidal contaminations were investigated. Our studies revealed that alkaloids, which have been leached out from decomposing alkaloidal donor plants, are taken up by the roots of acceptor plants growing in their vicinity. Based on these results the so-called “Horizontal Natural Product Transfer

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Self-organized anodic porous alumina films with hexagonal pore lattice have attracted a considerable attention for biological arrays and confinement of various organic probes dyes in solutions. A molecular structure with axial symmetry in bis-heterocyclic indole chains and conjugate system, such as cyanine fluorophore Cy3 dye, was investigated here with respect to its fluorescence when loaded in the anodic alumina pores.

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Two basic reactions occur during the anodizing of aluminum: 1) the aluminum is consumed and 2) an oxide grows. By accepting this statement as true, the anodizing process can be viewed as a corrosion process, and anodizing can be modeled using the Tafel Equation. Anodizing process parameters of electrolyte chemistry and concentration, temperature, aluminum substrate resistance and current density are presented as they relate to the Tafel Equation and how they impact the anodic aluminum oxide structure and properties. Understanding this relationship is consequent in making anodizing an engineering process, one that enables tuning the structure such that it yields distinct characteristics to fulfill design and application requirements.

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The application of electronic-nose (E-nose) technologies in forensic science is a recent new development following a long history of progress in the development of diverse applications in the related biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Data from forensic analyses must satisfy the needs and requirements of both the scientific and legal communities. The type of data collected from electronic-nose devices provides a means of identifying specific types of information about the chemical nature of evidentiary objects and samples under investigation using aroma signature profiles of complex gaseous mixtures containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from manufactured products and parts of the human body. E-nose analyses also provide useful qualitative information about the physicochemical characteristics and metabolic conditions of human subjects without the need for time-consuming analyses to identify all chemical components in human-derived volatile mixtures.

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The collection of human odor volatiles is of interest to forensic applications as a path to investigate canine scent discriminations in legal investigations. A study using a selected array of previously identified human odor compounds has been conducted to determine the retention and release capabilities of five (5) natural and synthetic fabric types, cotton (mercerized fabric and gauze matrix), polyester, rayon and wool.

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The anodization of aluminum foils having micrometer thickness is a common process and results in hexagonally self-ordered alumina membranes. However, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes fabricated from nanometer-thin films present new challenges to the anodization process, since aluminum films adheres poorly on supporting substrates and the smoothness of the film is highly related to the kind of substrate.

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Anodisation of pure titanium has been carried out in sulphuric and in phosphoric acid solutions at potentials ranging from 50 to 150V. The SEM and AFM morphological analysis indicates that, within this potential range, oxidation in sulphuric acid solution produces better developed mesoporous oxide layers.

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The design of an electrochemical reactor for the preparation of self-supported comparatively thin (up to 10 μm) and large area (up to 50 cm2) anodic alumina membranes is described allowing growth of porous alumina at high applied potential (up to 150 V) without burning.

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Anodic aluminum oxide doped with vanadyl citrate chelate complex anions was formed by a two-step self-organized anodization in 2 wt. % sulfuric acid containing 0.04 M V2O5 and 0.08 M citric acid at voltage range 13-23 V, and at 0 and 15 oC. The combination of two temperatures and at least four voltages (depending on the applied temperature) was applied as the operating conditions of anodization.

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