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In the last decade, neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and various forms of Dementia) have become a challenging problem facing contemporary society, placing on it a strong economic, social, and healthcare burden. Despite huge and long-lasting efforts, the progress in solving these problems remains unsatisfactory

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This study investigates the natural radioactivity levels in the Abha and Al-Baha region, a mountain range with a variety of rock types, ranging from calcareous to granitic. Thirty rock samples were collected, 15 from the Abha mountains and 15 from the Al-Baha mountains

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The relationship between blood groups and diseases has been a subject of interest for many researchers. This study aims to investigate the susceptibility of each blood group to anemia based on the relationship between the erythrocyte indices and the biochemical parameters used to diagnose anemia.

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Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a key excipient in formulation and production of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms such as tablets. In this study, the microcrystalline cellulose (Novicel™) obtained from sugarcane bagasse (a waste material from sugarcane factories) was compared with Avicel PH 101 (a commercially available MCC) for its physicochemical characteristics and potential as a dry binder in direct compression of ascorbic acid tablets.

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Using kinetic differential equations and the Runge-Kutt algorithm, an analysis of the pathological processes occurring in the course of Alzherimer’s disease was carried out. Thanks to the appropriately selected kinetic equations, the presented model allows to explain the time course of the growth of pathological proteins: beta-amyloid and tau protein and the related loss of nerve cells. The model is based on previous experimental knowledge of Alzherimer’s diseas and is in good agreement with the experimental data.

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Tunisian mill wastewater analyzed for the first time prove high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and high Turbidity values and deserve treatment. The biodegradability index determined by the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio was only 0.072, suggesting its limited biodegradability. Primarily, settling tank showed a positive effect in COD values reduced from 2490 to 448.2 mg/L. In addition, turbidity was reduced from 140 to 65.8 NTU. The coagulation-flocculation process using chemical coagulants-flocculants prior treatment equilibrate this ratio in range 1-2 promises a feasible biological treatment

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Background: Morocco is a low endemic country of HIV/AIDS that achieved the goal of the second and third 90-90-90 targets in 2019 while still 78% of people living with HIV know their HIV status. The aim of this study was to analyze time trends of HIV/AIDS reported cases during the last 33 years taking into consideration the implementation of voluntary HIV counseling and testing (HCT) services in primary health care facilities. Methodology: This was a time series of HIV/AIDS reported cases at national level between 1986 and 2019. Variable collected for each year were HIV/AIDS reported per 100000 H, age category, gender, origin, CD4 count and route of transmission. Trend of HIV/AIDS reported cases was assessed by Joinpoint Regression Analysis. Annual percentage changes (APCs) were estimated to identify the years (joinpoint) when significant changes occurred in the trend. We therefore examined trends in HIV/AIDS reported cases according to epidemiological variables. Results: Cumulative HIV/AIDS reported cases during the study period was of 17 000. Joinpoint regression showed an increase in HIV/AIDS reported cases between 1986 and 2019. The APC for the period 1986-2012 was of 13.4 (95% CI: 12.0 to 14.8, p <0.05) and the APC from 2012 to 019 was of 5.4 (95% CI: 2.5 to 8.5, p<0.05) with a significant break in the same joinpoint year than HCT implementation in primary health care settings. In stratified analysis, HIV/AIDS reported cases increased but not significantly after joinpoint. A significant decrease was noted in 2015 in urban areas (APC = -10.0, 95% CI: -17.0 to -2.3, p<0.05). Conclusions: HIV/AIDS reported cases were increasing over 33 years, with a significant rise after 2012by 5% per year, corresponding to HCT integration into primary health care setting. Furthermore, Morocco is may be on the right way to eliminate HIV/AIDS in urban areas.

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Cutting fluids are an inherent part of the modern manufacturing system. In the vegetable oil based cutting fluids, the base fluids should be some vegetable oil. In general, vegetable oil is highly attractive substitutes for petroleum based oils because they are environmentally friendly, renewable, less toxic and readily biodegradable. In this review paper, the author investigates some of the published research papers on the application of vegetable oil based machining fluids (including Nano-fluids) in the different machining processes like turning, milling, grinding and drilling. Besides that, this study also summarize the effect of the different biodegradable oil based machining fluids on the performance factors such as surface integrity, machining force, tool wear, power consumption, and temperature produced during the machining process. It has been reported in various literature that using vegetable oil based Nano machining fluid results high surface features, reduced tool wear, cutting force, power consumption and lower temperature rise in the machining process due to better lubrication and cooling properties.

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Abstract Background: Clinical studies demonstrated the efficacy of therapies based on the autologous grafting of adult mesenchymal stem cells to accelerate the healing and regenerative processes of the skin and mesenchymal tissues therefore, this is considered a valuable approach in the aesthetic rejuvenation treatment to give volume restoration and skin regeneration effects. Objective: The aim of this project consists of the evaluation of the cell viability of adipose tissue (AT) harvested using the Superficial Enhanced Fluid Fat Injection (SEFFI) procedure standardized by the Authors (AG, FPB). The harvesting procedure was performed using two different cannulas having 0.8 mm and 1 mm side-port holes, respectively. Cells phenotype and ability to adhere to the plastic surface have been analysed. The results have been compared to those recorded in adipose tissue harvested using a liposuction system and processed with enzymatic digestion (collagenase). Methods: This study was performed on adipose tissues harvested from 7 patients (6 females and 1 male) with an average age of 48.5 years with two different techniques and three different cannulas. We compared the cell vitality of every sample at T0 and T72. Moreover, the samples were analysed to determine the phenotype: cells were incubated with antibodies anti human against CD90-FITC, CD73-PeCy7, CD44-PE, CD31-PECy5, CD235a- PECy7, CD34-FITC, CD45-FITC and CD146-FITC and read using the flow cytometer s3e Cell Sorter, BioRad. Results were analysed using the software Flow Jo.

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Early blight is one of the major diseases of tomatoes that affects the leaves and fruit quality. Detection and estimation of the disease severity are performed using the visual observation method. Visual detection requires significant time for visual inspection of a large cultivated area. Thus, image processing techniques have proven to be an effective method as compared to visual analysis. In this study, digital image processing methods and techniques were used to detect early blight of tomato, estimate the disease severity, and classify tomato leaves. Totally, 198 infected plants were randomly taken from the Haramaya University research site "Raree" at four different times. Diseased potato leaf images were captured, resized, and stored for experimentation. The stored images were processed using median filtering to remove noise while preserving useful features in an image and image enhancement. The RGB images were transformed to gray scale and CIELAB color space, and the k-means clustering was applied to estimate the disease severity of the potato leaves, and Otsu’s thresholding algorithm was applied to estimate the disease severity of both the detached and live leaves. MATLAB algorithms will be developed to determine the total area and infected lesion area of the leaf samples.

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Introduction: Isavuconazole is an antifungal drug used for treating patients with invasive fungal infections. Efficacy and safety of isavuconazole is monitored by measuring plasma isavuconazole concentration using LCMS which is a non-affordable method. We used the HPLC system with a UV detector to measure plasma Isavuconazole concentration. Objective: Improved Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography procedure with UV detection is described which is cost effective, simple, precise and easily processed for the measurement of Isavuconazole, a drug used to treat the patients with invasive fungal infections, in blood plasma. Method: The method involves protein precipitation, addition of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and chromatographic separation on a Hypurity C18 Column using an isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer (pH 8.0, 10 mM) (55:45, v/v). The UV detection was performed at 285 nm. The method provides rapid resolution of Isavuconazole in a 50 uL injection. Result: Lower limit of Quantification (LLOQ) is 0.25 μg/ml in a 50 uL injection volume for Isavuconazole with a recovery consistently > 100 %. The assay is validated over linear range of 0.25 to 10 μg/ml. The intra-assay precision is < 3.53 % and inter-assay is <6.38% relative standard deviation of Isavuconazole. The method demonstrated clean separation, clinically acceptable detection limit and a linear range upto 25 ug/mL. Conclusion: The assay demonstrated applicability in quantifying the drug level and monitoring the therapeutic dose for maintaining effective biological level to have better response in fungal infected patients. The method is cheaper as compared to LC-MS/MS and Tandem Mass spectrometry and the results are reportable on the same day of blood collection.

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Introduction: Studies from several countries have shown that there is a lack of knowledge related to child protection among dentists and their teams. So far, there are no data available about the situation in Germany. Aim of this study is to describe the perception of the role of German dentists in terms of child abuse and neglect. Material and Methods: A questionnaire previously used by other studies regarding the role of dentists in child protection was adapted to German terminology and provided online. The internet address has been shown in different German dentists’ association journals addressing dentists only. The participation was voluntary. Results: A total of 251 (79.68%) dentists completed the questionnaire with valid data, 62.5% reported to have had a sus- picion of child abuse or neglect. Of these, 21,7% had reported their suspicion to the social services. Dentists specialized in pediatric dentistry reported their suspicion more often. Most frequently reported barriers towards contacting social services were uncertainty about diagnosis, fear of violence towards the child and the lack of knowledge in terms of referral procedures. Most of the participants expressed a need for further education. Conclusion: Dentists in Germany are not able to fill their role in child protection matters sufficiently and show a need for undergraduate and continuing postgraduate training.

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With the purpose of valorizing the aromatic and medicinal plants, essentielly the Asteraceae family, and ethnopharmacological heritage in the area of Timahdite province of Ifrane, Morocco. An fieldwork has been carried and consists of conducting an ethnobotanical survey on Artemisia ifranensis J. Didier, endemic species, in the region of Timahdite, located in the Moroccan Middle Atlas. The Ethnobotanical study realised in June-July 2012 beside 82 different respondents permitted to describe their medicinal use at the local scale based on the local Known-how, and constitute a source of very precious information for the area studied and for subsequent researches for the domains of the phytochemistry and pharmacology in order to search for new natural substance. In tyhis study, the survey targeted men (70 %) and women (30 %), aged 30 to 50 years and The data Analysis showed that the overall level of schooling of the town was low (64% of the illiterate). The results of the study also had allowed to notice that the leaves was the usual used part (61 %). Most remedies are prepared in decoction (72%). Either, the survey revealed that the medicinal specie was mainly used against diseases of the digestive tract (63%), as well as for other treatment of various diseases as dermatological affection, and for relieving headaches or neuralgia. Moreover, it also comes out from it that the conservation and the sustainable management of the medicinal species identified should be ensured through a management plan.

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Cutaneous adnexal carcinomas are rare cutaneous malignant adnexal tumors derived from eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, follicular structures and sebaceous glands. They represent less than 1% of cutaneous cancers Porocarcinoma and hidradenocarcinoma are two main types of eccrine sweat carcinomas of unknown pathogenesis characterized by their clinicopathological diversity.

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Controlling osteoarthritic pain has emerged as a major health care challenge. Available treatments are either cytotoxic or addictive and therefore there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatment options. We previously developed a liposomal-alginate construct to improve local anesthetic delivery as a potential chronic pain management treatment.

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The results are presented of obtaining anodic aluminum oxide with an ordered pore arrangement by employing two anodizing modes - galvanostatic mode and combined (galvanostatic + potentiostatic) mode, at high values of the current density and voltage. Use has been made of an oxalate electrolyte and a complex electrolyte comprising oxalic acid and phosphoric acid. Scanning electron microscopy has been used to investigate the surface morphology of the barrier and porous layers and to determine pore sizes and inter-pore distance.

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The collection of human odor volatiles is of interest to forensic applications as a path to investigate canine scent discriminations in legal investigations. A study using a selected array of previously identified human odor compounds has been conducted to determine the retention and release capabilities of five (5) natural and synthetic fabric types, cotton (mercerized fabric and gauze matrix), polyester, rayon and wool.

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The anodization of aluminum foils having micrometer thickness is a common process and results in hexagonally self-ordered alumina membranes. However, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes fabricated from nanometer-thin films present new challenges to the anodization process, since aluminum films adheres poorly on supporting substrates and the smoothness of the film is highly related to the kind of substrate.

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The design of an electrochemical reactor for the preparation of self-supported comparatively thin (up to 10 μm) and large area (up to 50 cm2) anodic alumina membranes is described allowing growth of porous alumina at high applied potential (up to 150 V) without burning.

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