Articles Related to SD

The transdermal drug delivery system is technique that provides drug through the intact skin. Skin penetration enhancement techniques have been developed to increase the bioavailability of drug substance. These review describes various transdermal patches available in market, types of patches, basic components, polymer used in formulation. The novel drug delivery method do well and complete with those already on the market the main problem that requires consideration include device design and safety, efficacy, ease of handling and economical. Transdermal drug delivery system represent the most attractive method among these because of its low rejection rate, magnificent, ease of administration and better convenience and compliance with patient. This review article provide an overview of transdermal drug delivery system contains various innovative dosage forms. In comparison transdermal patch are effective due to its easy to apply and non-invasive.

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The results obtained from heavy metal pollution assessment of River Ureje using Heavy Pollution Index (HPI) and Contamination Index (Cd ). HPI values at upstream and downstream point of the river, Cd, Pb, Cr had high pollution load that exceeded threshold value of 100 while Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni had low pollution index which are below threshold value. This indicated that high pollution status of Cd, Pb, Cr were observed because they compete with other essential metallic cations for binding sites and inhibits enzyme activity while there is no pollution presence of Zn, Mn, Ni, Cu. Cd value results in both upstream and downstream point revealed that Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb had a low contamination index below <1 contamination value and tends to show no effect on aquatic environment and drinking water quality. However, Cr, Ni had medium contamination compared to (Cd=1-3) Cd value, this indicates slight contamination of these heavy metals and have slight effect on drinking water quality and aquatic life present while Manganese had high Cd value compared to (Cd>3) Cd value which to tends have high effect on drinking water quality and aquatic system. In conclusions, this study revealed that High level of HPI above critical index value was observed for Cd, Cr, Pb while Mn shows high Cd far above contamination index value.

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The clothing industry is a field full of occupational diseases such as MSDs which are widely recognized in the wrists, hands, elbows, neck and lower back due to poor posture. Several studies have emphasized the importance of preventive actions to reduce the risk of occupational diseases.

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The victims of intimate partner violence are subjected to emotional, physical and/or sexual abuse. The physical abuse often includes episodes of mechanical asphyxia and its most frequent mechanisms: throttling and strangulation. Non-fatal asphyxia situations have signs, symptoms and short-term or long-term consequences whose severity varies according to the intensity, duration and number of episodes.

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The delivery of the drug at a predetermined controlled rate and its systemic effect is utmost important. Topically administered medicaments in the form of patches is being popular for its effectiveness. The main objective of this research was to formulate matrix-moderated transdermal patch of diclofenac potassium and to evaluate them concerning various in-vitro parameters.

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Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) are markers for screening previous alcohol consumption and indicating recent drinking in cases of suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol.

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Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is characterized by a progressive fragmentation and calcification of elastic fibers in connective tissue and when Bruch membrane (BM) is affected ocular modifications can be found. Recently, Optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) contribute to a better comprehension of lesions in PXE.

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This study included 75 patients with vitamin D deficiency (group 1), and 25 healthy subjects (group 2). All subjects completed ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire and underwent to a full ophthalmological examination. The dry eye was assessed in this order: tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining scoring using the Oxford Schema, and anesthetized Schirmer test (Schirmer II). Measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was done using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in the laboratory. All patients were recruited from College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, and Dwaak Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, by nonrandomized convenience sam¬pling method from February to April 2017.

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Congenital anorchia is an uncommon clinical condition. Etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms are often unknown. Although some patients with anorchia present with ambiguous external genitalia or micropenis, most have a normal phenotype. XY Disorders of Sex Development classifications are numerous and success rate in establishing a precise diagnosis is far lower than in XX karyotype.

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Squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal may masquerade as an infective process causing late diagnosis. A delay in treatment as a result of missed diagnosis would carry a poor prognosis as the disease progresses to an advanced stage. We present a case of a man with history of chronic otorrhea, who developed left sided otalgia associated with hearing loss. otoscopic examination shows a mass in her left ear and pus discharge which was initially treated as an infection. The biopsy of the mass was proven to be squamous cell carcinoma. High index of suspicion is necessary when encountering patients presenting with a mass in the ear canal with prior history of chronic otorrhea or cholesteatoma. Proper tissue biopsy is crucial. Early diagnosis is required for better prognosis for the patient.

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Mobbing was defined by Leymann “a form of psychological terrorism that implies an unostentatious and unethical attitude in a systematic form by one or more subjects, usually towards a single individual who, because of this persecution, finds himself in a defenceless condition and becomes object of continuous vexatious and persecutory activities that recur with a systematic frequency and over a period of time that is not short, causing considerable mental, psychosomatic and social suffering” (Leymann, 1988) [1].

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The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) is used globally to identify and describe impairments in motor development in children; however, norms for Surinamese children are lacking. We thus conducted a cross-cultural comparison for Surinamese children 5 years–5 years and 6 months using the Dutch/Flemish (NL) and United Kingdom (UK) norms of the MABC, second edition (MABC-2).

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Transdermal drug delivery system has become a proven technology that offer significant clinical benefit over the dosage forms. Drugs with very short half-life, narrow therapeutic window, and poor bioavailability-transdermal drug system are convenient. Skin serves as site of drug application for local as well as systemic effects. There are wide varieties of drugs for which topical or transdermal is viable options

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This study explores the patterns of twelve male OIF-OEF combat veterans with the Tactual Performance Test (TPT) in cases of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or with PTSD only. 6 were dual diagnosed with PTSD+mTBI and 6 with PTSD-o. Last deployment ranged from 10 to 3.5 years.

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The removal of pesticides in the environment mainly depends on natural degradation, especially on microbial degradation. Biodegradation has many advantages, such as complete degradation, no secondary pollution, quick effect and wide spectrum. Based on the single-factor experiments and Box-Benhnken design, the effect of four factors on the degradation of chlorpyrifos by P. stutzeri ZH-1 was investigated.

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The collection of human odor volatiles is of interest to forensic applications as a path to investigate canine scent discriminations in legal investigations. A study using a selected array of previously identified human odor compounds has been conducted to determine the retention and release capabilities of five (5) natural and synthetic fabric types, cotton (mercerized fabric and gauze matrix), polyester, rayon and wool.

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