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Complex Vesicovaginal Fistula Repair with Gracilis Muscle Interposition Flap - Case Series of 5 Patients and Review of Literature

Complex Vescico-vaginal Fistulas (VVF) are a common cause of morbidity especially in elderly patients. These can be one of the most troublesome complications of obstetric trauma and pelvic surgery and usually occur due to previous operative interventions and/or as a result of chronic diseases. These are difficult to repair because of the poor or almost no supporting tissue left at the perineum as a result of the previous insults.
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