Articles Related to diabetes

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin. It is also referred to as a steroid hormone with an active form that can bind to receptors. The main way to obtain vitamin D is its synthetization on the skin with the effect of ultraviolet light. It is activated in the body by two hydroxylation reactions in the liver and kidneys. Vitamin D is said to have other effects besides those on the bone metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency is a global social health problem. It is associated with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, various types of cancer, immune deficiencies and increased mortality. It is frequently observed in obese individuals. A possible molecular mechanism of the relationship between obesity and vitamin D deficiency may be associated with the metabolism in mature adipocytes, oxidative stress, inflammation and the gene expression regulation capacity of vitamin D which is related to the adipogenesis process. Vitamin D may lead to an increase in insulin secretion and a decrease in insulin resistance by regulating the immune system. Inflammatory cytokine production is thought to be one of the mechanisms of action of vitamin D on insulin resistance. Inflammatory cytokines appear to be associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Low levels of vitamin D may cause disruption of insulin secretion. Vitamin D may be involved in β-cell secretion activity and changes in tissue response to insulin. There is a relationship between inadequate 25(OH)D levels and β-cell dysfunction. Vitamin D may have beneficial effects on β-cell function by suppressing the renin-angiotensin system. Based on all this information, it may be concluded that vitamin D is associated with obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes, and vitamin D deficiency may form the basis for these conditions.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

A 72-h fast results in a rapid decrease in circulating glucose to a lower level without a change in non-water body mass. Several metabolic adjustments are necessary. A nutrient-sufficient, carbohydrate (CHO)-free diet also has been reported to result in a decrease in glucose, and similar metabolic perturbations. However, direct comparisons are not available in subjects without, or with, type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Selenium (Se) is a trace element present in many foods. Selenium-protein co-factor plays a critical anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory role in thyroid function, but quite recently its ability to prevent adipocyte hypertrophy and adipogenesis has also been evaluated. The aim of our study was to assess whether thyroid function, as well as, body mass index (BMI) and body composition might improve in Se-treated obese patients as compared to those getting placebo (P).

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Diabetes poses many unique challenges to all individuals affected by the disease, particularly the diabetic athlete due to the effect that exercise has on blood glucose levels within the body. Patients and professionals must demonstrate significant understanding of the complex interaction of many physiological and environmental components that contribute to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis, or lack thereof. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is the form of Diabetes most often seen in elite athletes.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

The N-oxide of anti-psychotic drug Blonanserin (BLNO) was synthesized and tested as a novel molecule to understand its ability in reducing blood glucose levels.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Our research study on diabetic patients in a community in South Texas have shown that increasing age, male gender, married status, smoking history, limited education, and birth in Mexico are risk factors for observed increasing HbA1c and FBG. Elevated lipoprotein levels are particularly observed in type 2 diabetes. Low insulin levels and high BMI in this high risk population correlate to the severity of their diabetes. Moreover we have observed that being born in Mexico influences the patient’s method of treatment with use of oral or combined oral and parenteral routes with poor control of their diabetes. Perhaps the Hispanics born in Mexico may have limited knowledge of their disease influenced by their educational level, socioeconomic status, and prior misconceptions on appropriate methods of treatment(s).

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Investigate the use of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in cancer patients with heart failure (HF); assess factors associated with ischemic and non-ischemic HF. Many newer cancer therapies are cardiotoxic; thus, the incidence of HF has been increasing in this high-risk patient population. CRT has beneficial effects on morbidity, mortality, and left ventricular function in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, yet cancer patients and survivors who develop severe HF and are eligible for CRT often does not receive it.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Obesity and physical inactivity are growing problems that are associated with major health problems. However, the current information on the association between obesity and physical activity (PA) in Saudi women of reproductive age is insufficient to design and develop intervention programs. To explore the rates of two types of obesity (general and abdominal obesity) and the level of PA and to evaluate the relationship between obesity risk factors, the use of exercise equipment at home, A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 using a stratified two-stage cluster sample. The sampling weight and design effect were incorporated into the analysis. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) data were collected from all participants.and obesity measurements.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Several studies have suggested that Insertion/Deletion polymorphism of ApoB gene is associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD).

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is growing rapidly around the world, particularly in Asia. Over the last two decades Sri Lanka has experienced an epidemic of CKD, especially in the “Mahaweli” river basin in North Central region of the island that was not attributable to conventional risk factors - hence widely termed “CKD-unknown”.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

To develop a valid method to identify insulin resistance (IR) in overweight and obese adolescents without requiring a fasting blood sample.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

The effects of a single food or nutrient on disease may be insufficient and poor, but the cumulative effect is detectable. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between dietary patterns and lipid parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Mycobacterium chelonae is a fast growing mycobacteria that mainly causes localized cutaneous infections. Disseminated cutaneous infections are quite exclusively seen in immunosuppressed individuals. We present a case of disseminated cutaneous infection in a young diabetic patient.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

There are several anthropometric measures that are useful for diagnosis obesity and also are related to the development of different cardiovascular risk factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive ability of various anthropometric parameters for the multiple risk factors aggregation (MRFA) in the adult population of the city of Maracaibo-Venezuela.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

In the United States (U.S.), the costs for health care and lost productivity due to diagnosed diabetes has increased from $174 billion in 2007 to $245 billion in 2012, making it one of the fastest growing public health burdens. Nearly 26 million adults have diabetes, and another 79 million have prediabetes, a condition that increases the risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Clearly to reduce the costs and improve health, preventing diabetes must be a priority.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text