Articles Related to forensic
Comprehensive Study of Various Chemical Samples in Forensic Toxicology: Focus on Urine Sample
Toxicology deals with the measurement and analysis of toxins. It is itself a vast branch of science, though it has several
branches and one of these is forensic toxicology. Forensic toxicology is a branch of toxicology that lines up with other disciplines, namely clinical chemistry, postmortem forensic toxicology, human performance toxicology and forensic drug testing,
providing medical jurisprudence of adverse effects such as drug abuse, poisoning and death. The key role of forensic toxicology is to identify and analyse the toxin compounds found during adverse events. This review paper aims to draw an idea
about the toxin, in the collected biological chemical samples such as urine samples and their effects on their day-to-day life
Denture Barcoding - The Clever Way
Forensic Odontology is the means to identify a person from their dental remains. Various methods are there for identifying an individual. In this study, the main aim is to identify an edentulous person making a positive identification by means of Barcode. A Barcode is a machine-readable code in the form of numbers and a pattern of parallel lines of varying widths, printed on a commodity. The study focuses on creating dentures with identification marks/labels using patient’s identity proofs such as Aadhar Card, PAN card, Voter ID card. And these will be incorporated in the denture after acrylization using cost effective and minimally altering method. This is an attempt to incorporate identity marks in dentures that can be provided by a General Dental Practitioner on day-to-day basis.
Forensic Applications of Raman Spectroscopy a Review
The any field of science they have many different techniques method for examine the substance. There have been several
major advances in the use of Raman spectroscopy instruments. This method is now a full established method along
with, infrared spectroscopy. The process ultimately led to its entry into the forensic science laboratory, and to simplify
the process, this article introduces a comprehensive review of Raman spectroscopy; emphasizes how and why this less
commonly used method can be a very useful tool for analysing a various evidence. The concepts and principle of Raman
spectroscopy are described in two categories the first categories of this article which includes theory, instrumentation,
and spectrum data obtained using infrared and Raman techniques for numerous analyse and the Second categories
discusses forensic applications of Raman spectroscopy to examine various types of evidence and substance. In this article
we study how to examine forensic evidences by using the Raman spectroscopy and make review report on it.
Forensic Examination of Heroin and Its Cutting Agents
In order to successfully counter the ever-growing drug problem, there is an increasing need, to identify conspiracy links and trafficking routes and to gather background intelligence concerning both the number of sources of drugs and whether those sources are within a country or are “internationally” based and also the points of distribution and distribution networks. A scientific tool to complement routine law enforcement investigative work in this field is the characterization and impurity profiling and cutting agents of seized drugs. Drug characterization studies have shown that it is possible to link samples, to classify material from different seizures into groups of related samples and to identify the origin of samples. Such information can be used for evidential (judicial, court) purposes or it can be used as a source of intelligence to identify samples that may have a common origin or history.
A Review Study on Gender Determination with the Help of Bite Marks Analysis
Bite marks are commonly observed in cases such as slaughter, sexual assault, child abuse cases, and during sports events. Bitemark is a type of ‘patterned injury’ which played an important role as evidence in judicial system. Bite marks can find on various body parts and various edible leftovers at the Crime Scene which can be used as evidence for identification of the criminals. Teeth impression shows sexual dimorphism and therefore helps in gender estimation. The various dental characteristics are individual-specific. A piece of exhaustive information and examination of indentations can help in the vindication of the guiltless as well as give decisive proof to the conviction of criminals. In certain violations, indentation proof is the main proof on which conviction has been accomplished, especially in rape and kid abuse cases. The present review describes the importance of bite mark analysis, estimation of gender through bite marks, and stability of teeth impression in diverse conditions. This article can give a better comprehension of the methodology used in forensic dentistry when investigating dental impressions.
New Forensic Protocol in the Era of SARS-CoV-2
During the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic in Italy, even though many people died due to virus-induced complications, there was a warm advice from the government against performing body autopsies, instigating their incineration. It was a reckless decision, leaving clinicians and scientists empty handed when it comes to studying infection-induced tissue changes and subsequent organ failures, making it more difficulties in finding a better clinical solution for combating the virus.
Pathology of Non-Fatal Asphyxia and the Risk of Fatal Outcome in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence
The victims of intimate partner violence are subjected to emotional, physical and/or sexual abuse. The physical abuse often includes episodes of mechanical asphyxia and its most frequent mechanisms: throttling and strangulation. Non-fatal asphyxia situations have signs, symptoms and short-term or long-term consequences whose severity varies according to the intensity, duration and number of episodes.
Comparative Study of Lip Color, Lead Metal and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle for the Development of Latent Lip Prints on Non-Porous Surfaces
To develop and study lip prints on non-porous surfaces by using Lip color, Lead Metal and Zinc oxide nanoparticle for the development of latent lip prints on non-porous surfaces.
The Common Causes of Death among Pregnant Women in Iran: A Study on Cadavers Referred to Legal Medicine Organization
Maternal mortality remains now as an important leading cause of death for women of reproductive age whole of the world.
However, our knowledge is very little of the main causes of death among our pregnant women needing more population-based assessments.
Hence, the present study aimed to determine causes of maternal death in the cases referred to Legal Medicine.
Statistics of DNA Profiling and Activities of Divisional Forensic DNA Screening Laboratory, Faridpur in Bangladesh
DNA is the basic building block for an individual’s whole genetic makeup. DNA is a tiny thread-like molecule which is existent in all forms of life, inception from humans to microscopic organism bacteria or virus. DNA fingerprinting which is currently most popularly known as DNA profiling, is a process of isolating and making images of DNA sequences.
Y-STR: A Full Proof Technique for Male DNA Genotyping in Forensics
Crime statistics estimate that males are responsible for 80% of violent crimes and those males commit approximately 95% of sexual offenses.
Sexual assault crimes account for a large percentage of biological evidence submitted to forensic casework laboratories. Identifying,
segregating, and analyzing male DNA in sexual assault and other evidence containing mixtures of male and female DNA presents a complex
challenge.
Differentiation of Cut Pattern on Hair by Using Sharp Cut Tools for Forensic Purpose
Hair is physical evidence recovered from crime scene which is not destroyed by exposure to any environmental conditions like heat, moisture and not even by decomposition. The study of hair is called trichology. Hair is divided into three different layers i.e. cuticle, medulla, cortex. Total 20 hair sample were evaluated for different cutting patterns using different cutting tools.
A Simple Method for the Quantification of Atenolol from the Forensic Human Blood and Visceral Samples by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography
A simple High-Performance Thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed for determination of atenolol in human
blood and viscera. The mobile phase was ethyl acetate, acetone, ethyl alcohol, ammonia solution in the ratio of 45:45:7:3. The densitometry
scanning at 254 nm was found to be maximum absorption for standard atenolol. The standard and extracted atenolol from samples were
detected by HPTLC and confirmed with authenticated spectra at 254 nm. The quantity of the atenolol determined to be 1.6 µg for viscera
and 1.5 µg for blood sample.
Intraobserver and Interobserver Error in Osteological Analysis as an Indicator for Non-Expert Skeletal Analysis
Accurate skeletal analysis is needed in order to properly identify skeletal remains. Cases of misidentification occur all over the United States
and may be avoided with an understanding of observer error and the appropriate level of training. In this study, four novice observers with
limited osteological training conducted osteological analyses on three different skeletal remains to assess intraobserver and interobserver
reliability
Recent Developments in Human Odor Detection Technologies
Human odor detection technologies have drawn attention due to the wide possibility of potential applications they open up in areas such as biometrics, criminal investigation and forensics, search for survivors under rubble, and security checkpoint screening. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been the most successful and powerful analytical approach developed to date for human odor analysis, and hundreds of human odorants have been identified using this tool.
Electronic-nose Applications in Forensic Science and for Analysis of Volatile Biomarkers in the Human Breath
The application of electronic-nose (E-nose) technologies in forensic science is a recent new development following a long history of progress in the development of diverse applications in the related biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Data from forensic analyses must satisfy the needs and requirements of both the scientific and legal communities. The type of data collected from electronic-nose devices provides a means of identifying specific types of information about the chemical nature of evidentiary objects and samples under investigation using aroma signature profiles of complex gaseous mixtures containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from manufactured products and parts of the human body. E-nose analyses also provide useful qualitative information about the physicochemical characteristics and metabolic conditions of human subjects without the need for time-consuming analyses to identify all chemical components in human-derived volatile mixtures.
Analysis of Sweat Simulant Mixtures using Multiplexed Arrays of DNA-Carbon Nanotube Vapor Sensors
Carbon nanotube (NT) based electronic vapor sensors were tested against synthetic sweat solutions, consisting of 13 volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) in saline, in order to probe the device ability to analyze and differentiate vapors derived from complex biological
samples.
Characteristic Human Scent Compounds Trapped on Natural and Synthetic Fabrics as analyzed by SPME-GC/MS
The collection of human odor volatiles is of interest to forensic applications as a path to investigate canine scent discriminations in
legal investigations. A study using a selected array of previously identified human odor compounds has been conducted to determine
the retention and release capabilities of five (5) natural and synthetic fabric types, cotton (mercerized fabric and gauze matrix),
polyester, rayon and wool.
Editorial Board Members Related to forensic
Dr. Amarnath Mishra
Assistant Professor
Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences
Amity University
India
Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences
Amity University
India
Bill Durham
Professor
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
University of Arkansas
United States
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
University of Arkansas
United States
JORGEN LANGE THOMSEN
Professor
Institute of Forensic Medicine
University of Southern Denmark
Denmark
Institute of Forensic Medicine
University of Southern Denmark
Denmark
Pragnesh B. Parmar
Associate Professor
Department of Forensic Medicine
GMERS Medical College, Valsad
India
Department of Forensic Medicine
GMERS Medical College, Valsad
India
Cristiana Palmela Pereira
Assistant Professor
Portuguese Institute of Legal Medicine
University of Lisboa
Portugal
Portuguese Institute of Legal Medicine
University of Lisboa
Portugal
Yaping Luo
Professor
Department of Forensic Science
China People's Public Security University
China
Department of Forensic Science
China People's Public Security University
China
Randazzo Antonio
Associate Professor
Department of Pharmacy
University of Naples Federico II
Italy
Department of Pharmacy
University of Naples Federico II
Italy
Laura Hammond
Psychologist
University of Huddersfield
United Kingdom
University of Huddersfield
United Kingdom
Raymond A. Grimsbo
Forensic Scientist
Intermountain Forensic Laboratories
United States
Intermountain Forensic Laboratories
United States