Articles Related to metabolism

: Obesity is a global epidemic with serious consequences for countries. Objective: This work aims to systematically review the available evidence on the relationship between basal metabolism (BM), body composition, and physical activity (PA) with central obesity. Methodology: The search strategy was carried out using Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciELO following the PRISMA guidelines. The STROBE checklist and the Jadad scale were also used for quality assessment.

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Obesity is a chronic metabolic condition of energy imbalance where energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Resting energy expenditure (REE) represents calories burned at rest and accounts for >60% of total energy expenditure and is an important target for management of obesity. Capsaicinoids, extracted from Capsicum annuum have previously been shown to increase metabolism, lipolysis & induce satiety.

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Insulin resistance (IR) is almost constistently associated with overweight or obesity in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Nutraceutical compounds improving insulin resistance (IR) may be useful in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in metabolic diseases.

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microRNAs play critical roles in cancer metabolisms. miRNA-181a-5p is significantly down-regulated in non-small lung cancer tissue and mesenchymal like lung cancer cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition mechanisms and cancer metabolism are controlled by the same signaling pathway.

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The focus of this research is aimed specifically at the application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in exercise and sport science. NIRS is able to monitor the performance of muscle and cerebral tissue and evaluate their role during physical activity. By monitoring tissue oxygenation, an NIRS device is useful in several areas, which may benefit from its applications.

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Brain water metabolism ensures the processes of cellular communication, the transit of the signaling molecules, neurotransmitters, cytokines, and substrates, participates in the clearance of pathogenic metabolites. Many neurological conditions that present serious clinical problems arise from the altered fluid flow (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, migraine, traumatic brain injury and stroke).

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A 72-h fast results in a rapid decrease in circulating glucose to a lower level without a change in non-water body mass. Several metabolic adjustments are necessary. A nutrient-sufficient, carbohydrate (CHO)-free diet also has been reported to result in a decrease in glucose, and similar metabolic perturbations. However, direct comparisons are not available in subjects without, or with, type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

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Severe prematurity at birth is an indicator of additional attention for the multidisciplinary team, since the newborn in this condition did not have the opportunity to develop organic systems under ideal conditions (intrauterine). Several factors may induce premature birth, malformation of organs or metabolic disruptions, however, additional attention has been given to inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) and deficiency/excess of key nutrients.

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White adipose tissue (WAT) is an endocrine organ with crucial role in the development of obesity and related diseases. White adipocytes have less mitochondria than brown adipocytes; nevertheless, there is an increasing body of evidence showing that mitochondrial parameters play a relevant role in WAT physiology, such as proliferation, differentiation and triacylglycerol storage levels.

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This paper aims to review in literature the main mechanisms of oxidative stress, pointing out the major formed metabolites, the mechanisms of cell damage and major antioxidants. Oxygen is essential to human life. The formation of free radicals (FR) is closely related to oxygen consumption, a mechanism that occurs with an incomplete reduction of this molecule.

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Obesity is well associated in various chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Thus, for persons with obesity and diabetes, food with low GI are recommended in order to lower the glycemic response.

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The current research in the field of drug delivery by which pulsatile release can be achieved has been intensified. The objective of the present study was to evaluate Luffa aegyptica mill powder as a novel superdisintegrant in the development of pulsatile drug delivery system (PDDS).

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Recently, transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) has become a more and more important approach to administering drugs. Based on its advantages, which are not achievable by other modes of administration, many researchers are dedicated to the study of it, and have made great progress. Although the skin offers a painless interface for systemic drug delivery, it also presents limitations which are mainly caused by the stratum corneum.

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Seventeen alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) is the only FDA-approved drug labeled for prevention of preterm delivery. This drug is also available as a compounded product from licensed compounding pharmacies. This article reviews the FDA approval history and pharmacy compounding quality control data of 17-OHPC, as well as briefly discusses possible future pharmaceutical development strategies for 17-OHPC.

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Bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients often require parenteral nutrition (PN) to meet their nutrient needs. While general guidelines for the provision of PN support by nutrition support teams (NSTs) have been shown to decrease inappropriate PN use, recommendations for nutrition in BMT recipients are lacking.

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