Articles Related to metabolites

Alarmed by numerous worrying reports by the European Food Safety Authority related to widespread contaminations of plant-derived commodities by poisonous alkaloids (nicotine, pyrrolizidine alkaloids), the sources of these alkaloidal contaminations were investigated. Our studies revealed that alkaloids, which have been leached out from decomposing alkaloidal donor plants, are taken up by the roots of acceptor plants growing in their vicinity. Based on these results the so-called “Horizontal Natural Product Transfer

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the response of Ningxiang pig against pathogenic enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) during the weaning period. Sixteen weaned Ningxiang pigs, were selected from one litter at 28 days and randomly allocated into two groups, with or without oral administration of ETEC (109 colony forming units/piglet/d) for two consecutive days. Blood and intestinal samples were collected after sacrifice to investigate the influence for systemic and gastrointestinal tract influences

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Several scientists called for a new paradigm in animal nutrition by implementing feed diversity in otherwise homogeneously fed livestock production systems as former was shown to have a notable impact on animal productivity and health and the ecological footprint thereby decrease concerns regarding global food security from a societal perspective. However, there are no specific definitions and no threshold values available, so far, for desired grazed grassland feed diversity levels on pastures that enable envisaged sustainable ruminant livestock production and possibly the production of animal products with particular human health-values. Therefore, we conceptualize grazed grassland feed diversity in multiple layers for the very first time in this review to define its relevance from an animal perspective and implications for human health. The data reviewed reveals a close relationship between grazed grassland feed diversity with regard to plant secondary metabolites and animal characteristics that include animal health, welfare, and behavior as well as product quality with possible human health value.

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The concept of an effective cognitive boosting nootropic supplement is gaining traction with consumers, neuroscientists and regulators alike and it is therefore unsurprising that scientifically validated Nootropics are highly prized. New research demonstrates edible crops could be useful sources to mine for new nootropics; plant extracts enriched with an array of cognitive enhancing metabolites. There is merit in investigating these plant species. Metadata has identifies consuming specific fruit and vegetables positively affects cognitive function; therefore these same edible crop plants present as opportunities for developing nootropic formulations. This hypothesis is supported by positive data obtained through clinical testing [e.g. extracts of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), herbs from the Genus Salvia, cocoa (Theobroma), tea (Camellia sinensisor) and coffee (Coffea Arabica). This review will discuss clinically tested cognitive enhancers derived from edible crop species and discuss their use alongside other classes of nootropics.

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This research was performed to explore the impacts of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation of fish diets with variable energy contents on the growth performance and blood serum parameters of Nile tilapia fish. Nile tilapia Juveniles with an average weight of 20 g were cultured in glass aquaria and fed four formulated pelleted diets for 60 days. Our experiment was divided into four experimental groups: the first group (G1) was fed a basic control diet without any GAA supplementation. The other experimental groups, G2, G3 and G4, were fed diets with different levels of energy (25, 50 and 75 kcal/kg less than in the control, respectively) and supplemented with 0.06% GAA.

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There has been little advance in embryo selection criteria since the first IVF. To this day, we select embryos by morphological criteria, which provide little information as to the actual embryo quality.

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Opinion is divided as to the changes in ventricular function brought about by exercise, with few studies on water-based exercise programmes for heart-failure patients. This study investigates whether following a partial water-based exercise programme could lead to an earlier improvement in ventricular function in heart-failure patients compared with a land-based exercise programme.

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Seventeen alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) is the only FDA-approved drug labeled for prevention of preterm delivery. This drug is also available as a compounded product from licensed compounding pharmacies. This article reviews the FDA approval history and pharmacy compounding quality control data of 17-OHPC, as well as briefly discusses possible future pharmaceutical development strategies for 17-OHPC.

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Capsaicin, an active ingredient of Capsicum fruit, is currently undergoing “revival” in the clinical management of pain. However, the choice of its formulation is rather limited to the use of “old-fashioned” tinctures and recently the patches. In an attempt to improve the therapeutic outcome and develop its skin-friendly formulation, we prepared the vesicle-based drug delivery system with capsaicin.

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The application of electronic-nose (E-nose) technologies in forensic science is a recent new development following a long history of progress in the development of diverse applications in the related biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Data from forensic analyses must satisfy the needs and requirements of both the scientific and legal communities. The type of data collected from electronic-nose devices provides a means of identifying specific types of information about the chemical nature of evidentiary objects and samples under investigation using aroma signature profiles of complex gaseous mixtures containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from manufactured products and parts of the human body. E-nose analyses also provide useful qualitative information about the physicochemical characteristics and metabolic conditions of human subjects without the need for time-consuming analyses to identify all chemical components in human-derived volatile mixtures.

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