Articles Related to molecular

Therapeutic response to anti-TNF antibody treatment in inflammatory bowel diseases is strongly influenced by transmembrane tumor necrosis factor (mTNF) expression in the intestinal mucosa. Fluorescent anti-TNF antibodies applied for in vivo molecular endoscopy have shown to be able to quantify mucosal mTNF expression in real-time and predict response to subsequent anti-TNF treatment in individual patients with Crohn’s.

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In this paper, we take a creative look at the effect of cracking on the buckling of graphene sheets. We introduced a significant improvement in molecular mechanical calculations that more accurately examine the behavior of atomic bonds during the instability of nanostructures in the presence of defects. A molecular mechanics method based on the modified couple stress (MCS) theory to consider the size effect on the graphene plate is introduced. Primary cracks with different lengths, orientations, and numbers were examined. For each crack, buckling parameters such as critical load and buckling modes of graphene sheets were investigated. This model has better computational performance and less computational compactness than other models. Our studies show that cracks perpendicular to the load direction have a greater effect on buckling parameters, including modes and critical buckling load than cracks aligned to the critical load. Increasing the crack length will further reduce the critical buckling load. The effect of the number of cracks in two directions in buckling parameters was investigated. Increasing the number of cracks always decreases a critical buckling load. Increasing the number of cracks affects the first buckling mode more than others. The study of the eccentricity of cracks shows that with increasing the eccentricity distance, in cracks perpendicular to the loading direction, the critical buckling load will be further reduced. However, for cracks aligned with the load direction, increasing the eccentric distance has less effect on reducing the critical buckling load.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a serious risk to public health as it triggers human infections ranges from wound abscess to life threatening states. As involvement to the global effort the objectives of this study were to examine the incidence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Taif region, Saudi Arabia. Moreover, this work aimed to estimate the relation between the phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the antibiotic resistance genes mong MRSA isolates. A total of 67 wound specimens were taken from patients. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was selected by growing on Mannitol Salt Agar supplemented with methicillin (5 mg/l). The prevalence of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) wound carriage among patients was 51 and 49 %, respectively.

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Different types of Glutaredoxins (GRXs) that play a major role in cellular anti-oxidative reactions have been studied for their structure and function from various organisms. Glutathione (GSH), an anti-oxidant with several medical benefits, binds to GRXs. This work has structurally characterized GRX2 from C. reinhardtii (CrGRX2) using biophysical, molecular modelling, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) techniques. CrGRX2 adopts the classical GRX-Trx fold consisting of five β-strands surrounded by four α-helices that bind to GSH with moderate strength through a cysteine residue. The residues involved in the interaction closely match with those observed for E. coli and human counterparts, indicating that the cellular GSH-GRXs antioxidant system is highly conserved.

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COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and is associated with the increasing number of cases and deaths and has been declared a pandemic by WHO. The treatment strategy focused on preventing the S protein from binding and penetrating the ACE-2 receptor. In addition, S protein-related molecules such as peptides, blockers, and inhibitors that inhibit S protein cleavage are considered candidate therapeutics.

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Conveying nanopowder or nanoparticles are involved in the numerous industry fields, but discontinuous and unstable transportation often takes place, and even the pipes clogged because of nanoparticle aggregation. Understanding in detailed the microscopic characteristics of nanoparticles suspended in the base fluid will play a vital role.

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In a cellular environment, if any interruption happened due to the initiation of diseases or disorders in cellular events, it can immediately upset the cellular proceedings, and affect the normal life of the cells and tissues. Vital needs are there to repair the cells and tissues. To regain the normal functioning style of cells and associated cellular environment.

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To date, Obesity is considered prime concern of public health with multi-dimensional factors engaged in metabolic discrepancy that is rooted from multifactorial causes (i.e., environmental intoxication or genetic abnormality), and the unmet landscape of health care system seeks for therapeutic or preventive measures. Compelling evidence support Omics as strategic tool of systemic biology is benefit to define wiring of molecular circuit in metabolic malfunction and evaluation of metabolic modulator such as synthetic drugs, stem cell replacement, and natural secondary metabolites from various resources.

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Purpose: To evaluate the neurobiochemical role(s) of low molecular weight (LMWA) antioxidants in the treatment of surgically- induced ischemic stroke (IS) in wistar rats.Methods: Ischemic stroke was induced in wistar rats using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Neurological assessments were carried out using stair case, cylinder test and modified neurological severity score (mnss) methods. Low molecular weight antioxidants (vitamins C, E, α-lipoic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide and mannitol) were orally administered to the rats for two weeks in three different doses (22.5, 45 and 67.5 mg/kg).

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The wildlife includes undomesticated and diverse forms of floral and faunal species, which is essential for ecological balance and human survival. The poaching and illegal trade has resulted in sharp decline of many wild species of flora and fauna around the world. The need of the time therefore is to utterly focus on wildlife protection for the sustainable development of biosphere and future viability of human beings. In this review we have focused on different techniques being utilized in wildlife forensic science for identification of wildlife species as well as their geographical origin. These techniques can be employed to control the wildlife crimes and convict the criminals involved in illegal trade of wildlife flora, fauna and their products. These techniques include footprints analyses, morphological and anatomical studies,

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The articular cartilage overlying the bone consists of a network of collagen fibres. This network is essential to cartilage integrity, usually suffering damage in degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis. We have been applying a number of techniques to study the bone-cartilage interface and of changes occurring in this with disease. The bone-cartilage samples with disease were investigated for their structural, elemental and molecular properties. The bone-cartilage samples with disease were characterized by scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy.

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The distribution of different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotypes and the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) mutations vary greatly across different Brazilian regions. This study aimed to describe the HIV-1 molecular diversity and TDR prevalence among treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected individuals in an urban area of Northeastern Brazil. DNA samples from 97 infected individuals were obtained and pol sequences were generated by Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Bioinformatics tools were used to identify the presence of associated mutations with drug resistance, to reconstruct the phylogeny and to detect recombination.

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Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is responsible for the pathogenesis and poor outcomes of several types of cancers, including advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. Molecular-targeted drugs on the other hand, such as trastuzumab, prolong overall survival and progression-free survival in HER2-positive gastric cancer. The purpose of the case report is to evaluate the impact of delivering trastuzumab in advanced gastric cancer with concomitant HER2 mutation and amplification.

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None of the known interaction models of electric and magnetic fields with the biological system can completely explain the effects which occur as a result of long-lasting exposure to electric and magnetic fields. We think that effects which cannot be explained by exposure to long-lasting, and albeit very low, electro-magnetic effects arise from molecular fatigue and the damage accumulation which occurs as a result of it.

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