Articles Related to neuroprotective

Purpose: We aimed to create mechanic optic nerve injury model in rats and investigate the neuroprotective effects of ripasudil on retinal ganglion cells. Study Design: Experimental study Methods: Mechanic optic nerve injury model was created in the right eyes of male Wistar rats (n=15). Rats were divided into three groups: glaucoma model with sham treatment (group1) and 20 µM intravitreal ripasudil treatment (group 2) and 50 µM intravitreal ripasudil treatment (group 3). Treatment was applied intravitreally and rats were sacrificed at the end of 4 weeks. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Brn-3a antibody,anti- Iba1 was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: The number of Brn-3a positive RGC in the mechanical optic nerve injury model was 5.33 ± 2.08 (min: 3, max: 7) in sham group, 10.25 ± 2.63 (min: 8, max: 14) in 20 µM group and 16.75 ± 5.43 (min:9, max: 21) in 50 µM group (p <0.05). GFAP positive RGC counts were recorded as 24.33 ± 2.08 (min: 22, max: 26) in sham group, 16.75 ± 1.70 (min: 15, max: 19) in 20 µM group and 13.00 ± 4.08 (min:10 , max: 19) in 50 µM group (p <0.05). Ripasudil treatment also decreased Iba1 expression in the retina of mechanic optic nerve injury groups. In addition, ripasudil treatment prevented apoptotic cell death by increasing Bcl-xL protein expression and preserved Tfam protein expression in the retina. Conclusions: Our experimental study has shown that ripasudil is neuropreotective in mechanical optic nerve injury model.

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Physical and environmental stress in conjunction with hectic lifestyle and unhealthy food habits are the major cause of diverse neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative neuronal injury and acetylcholine deficiency have a major impact on learning and memory retention. Most of the treatment strategies are based on the improvement of cholinergic function in the brain and one of the emerging therapeutic targets is to enhance the acetylcholine level in the brain. Standardized botanical extracts including Huperzia serrata (1% Huperzine A, CogniUp), Convolvulus pluricaulis (SP) and Celastrus paniculatus (JY) have been demonstrated to attenuate brain function by serving as a natural acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor.

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This retrospective review of 17 patients suggests an increased risk of adverse events including premature death with opiate discontinuation long after withdrawal stage. The results are consistent with previously reported yet not fully understood – opiate associated neuro protective mechanism – against premature death for some vulnerable subgroups.

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