Articles Related to strategies

The study investigated the effects of climate change and adaptation strategies among Orange Fleshed Sweet potato (OFSP) farmers in Anambra East and West local government in Anambra State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to assess the sources of information on climate change by the farmers, determine the causes of climate change in the study area, ascertain the perceived effects of climate change on OFSP farmers, assess the adaptation strategies used by the farmers and identify constraints to climate change adaptation strategies.

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Morocco applied the Goals testing model, projecting alternative testing scale-up scenarios, varying coverage targets for 13 adult populations. The model was calibrated using program service delivery, spending and surveillance data (2015-2019), integrated bio-behavioural surveys, and national HIV estimates. It projects annual diagnoses by target group from undiagnosed prevalence and testing coverage, allowing for HIV-infected people self-selecting for testing, retesting and transitions between groups. Scenarios were evaluated for knowledge status improvement and cost, focusing on 2023-2025.

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Near East and North Africa have 90 percent of their territory classified as arid or semi-arid rangelands. Increasing importation of animals and animal products are still followed due to an increasing consumers’ demand and poor producing abilities of existing native breeds. The objectives of this paper were to: 1) underline major genetic constraints for improving native sheep breeds productivities under low input production systems, 2) identify main ingredients and pathways for sustainable sheep breeding strategies under low input production systems.

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Most important studies about plant-parasitic nematode have been performed especially for major crops, such as soybean, rice, corn, and wheat. However, the damage caused by these pathogens in general horticulture should have more attention. Nowadays, horticulture yield results have been relevant, allowing to show its worldwide power in economies and food. In addition, human hunger and diets changes have highlighted the current horticulture scenario and increased efforts towards solutions in diseases and losses caused by phytopathogens. Nematode infection has been the cause of important yield losses in horticulture and the genus Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus are reported to be the most important threats. In addition, as horticulture is associated with a wide number of products, the compilation of information regarding damages, symptoms, resistance, novel solutions and other concepts for phynematode management allows for the better comprehension of the whole situation. Herein, we integrated information about the damage and losses caused by these pathogens in horticulture. Resistant genotypes seem to be the best alternative and, due to wide horticulture aspect, the focus is especially for life sustaining horticultural, such as banana, cassava, potato, and sugar beet. In addition, it was also provided evidence regarding how studies have been conducted on new strategies for resistance and control, such as the elucidation of effector’s functions. Nematode effectors studies, focus on the development of new resistant plant genotypes, is an auspicious strategy against this parasites.

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This review work was conducted to explore the likely impacts of climate change on livestock production and productivity and different adaptation strategies in Ethiopia. National average temperature has increased by 1 °C since the 1960s. Most of the livestock owners in the country perceive there are a climate change impacts on Livestock production and productivity. The major effects of climate change on livestock production include feed shortage, shortage of water, livestock genetic resources loss, reduced productivity, and decreased mature weight and/or longer time to reach a mature weight in their order of importance. Higher temperatures resulting from climate change may increase the rate of development of certain pathogens or parasites that have one or more life cycle stages outside their animal host.

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Fresh salad produce such as lettuce and spinach are an important part of a healthy diet, but are increasingly becoming associated with infection from foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella enterica. This review examines the incidence and origins of Salmonella fresh salad leaf colonization, models the behaviour of the pathogen when within a bagged salad and considers the various infection risk reduction strategies relevant to salad growers, distributors and consumers which can be employed to improve the microbiological safety of fresh salad leaves

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College students are characteristically vulnerable to food insecurity because of the increase in the cost of higher education. Students face competing budget demands that may compromise food dollar allocation. This study explored the experiences of 17 food insecure college students using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Analysis of audiotaped interview data was performed using emergent theme analysis. The participants narrated their experiences with food insecurity, how it affects them and how they cope with food insecurity

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Targeting mutant proteins and associated signaling pathways of driver oncogenes by small molecule kinase inhibitors (KIs) are a promising strategy of cancer therapy. However, despite the initial success of treatment, KIs often become ineffective as intrinsic and acquired resistance. This article reviews the English-language literature to explore the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance and to present a challenge for developing drugs to overcome resistance. Mechanisms of acquired resistance include 1) the selection of pre-existing subclones with other mutations, 2) the emergence of secondary mutations in the target kinase domain, 3) upregulation of kinases both within the same kinase family and their related kinase families, as well as activation of alternative bypass pathways, 4) epithelial-mesenchymal transition, 5) overexpression of pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins and 6) drug efflux mechanisms. Currently available methods are to obtain tumor biopsy samples at recurrence or progression if the tumor lesion is accessible to a biopsy and to use the second- and third-generation KIs based on the individual need of each patient. Furthermore, recent computational challenges provide design principles to prevent the development of drug resistance. In conclusion, we provide an overview of the postulated resistance mechanisms and highlight the future direction of computational structure-based design of new potent KIs.

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Seventeen alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) is the only FDA-approved drug labeled for prevention of preterm delivery. This drug is also available as a compounded product from licensed compounding pharmacies. This article reviews the FDA approval history and pharmacy compounding quality control data of 17-OHPC, as well as briefly discusses possible future pharmaceutical development strategies for 17-OHPC.

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Capsaicin, an active ingredient of Capsicum fruit, is currently undergoing “revival” in the clinical management of pain. However, the choice of its formulation is rather limited to the use of “old-fashioned” tinctures and recently the patches. In an attempt to improve the therapeutic outcome and develop its skin-friendly formulation, we prepared the vesicle-based drug delivery system with capsaicin.

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