Articles Related to vision

Purpose:This study aimed to assess contrast sensitivity and acquired color vision deficiency in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and to evaluate their correlations with visual field parameters. Methods: The current study included 100 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 40 healthy control subjects. The 100 glaucoma patients were divided into 3 groups (mild, moderate and sever). Ophthalmic examination included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), gonioscopy, slit lamp biomicroscopy, visual field assessment by perimetry and intraocular pressure was measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry. Contrast Sensitivity evaluated by the Pelli-Robson chart and the Mesotest II b. Color vision was evaluated by the Farnsworth- panel D15. Results: The mean age of the studied cases was 52.61±14.86 years with male to female ratio 50.2/49.8. Cup-To-Disc (C/D) ratio was statistically significant increase in severe cases followed by moderate and lastly mild glaucoma subgroups. There was highly statistically significant increase in the mean C/D ratio among cases with glaucomatous eyes compared to normal .There was a significant correlation between worsening visual field indeces and decreased contrast sensitivity. Color vision was demonstrated to be significantly correlated according to severity, duration of affection, age and uncontrolled IOP. Conclusion: Mesotest II b is a better alternative to conventional reliable and reproducible Pelli Robson chart test for assessment of contrast sensitivity in patients with glaucoma.

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A 56-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis presented to our emergency department with right flank pain, fever (38.6°) and dysuria. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed the right kidney hydronephrosis secondary to ureteral stone, therefore a percutaneous nephrostomy was placed. The next day the patient’s condition deteriorated rapidly; a new CT showed the presence of gas in the right kidney suspicious for emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPB) that needed an emergency nephrectomy. Thirtyfive days later the patient was discharged in good general condition.

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DNA is the basic building block for an individual’s whole genetic makeup. DNA is a tiny thread-like molecule which is existent in all forms of life, inception from humans to microscopic organism bacteria or virus. DNA fingerprinting which is currently most popularly known as DNA profiling, is a process of isolating and making images of DNA sequences.

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The number of bariatric procedures being performed worldwide has increased markedly over the past two decades and this has led to revisional bariatric surgery being increasingly performed.

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IDDs are among the major public health problems of the world. Nearly two billion individuals worldwide and about 350 million Africans are at risk of iodine deficiency and face many risks from its deficiency and complications. Poor knowledge related to iodine diet and iodized salt utilization were some of the factors. Poor Educational status, Occupation and Sources of Information were frequently cited factors related to Knowledge on iodized salt consumption. Iodized salt is an effective and cheap method to prevent and control iodine deficiency in the community.

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We experience the world around us by our five main senses, namely, vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell that are demonstrated in the following by artworks. Senses feed our brain with bits of information that help us to build a picture of the complicated world around us. Scientifically a sense is defined as a means of receiving information from the environment or from the body and converting it to an electrical-chemical code that is processed by the brain.

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To date, Obesity is considered prime concern of public health with multi-dimensional factors engaged in metabolic discrepancy that is rooted from multifactorial causes (i.e., environmental intoxication or genetic abnormality), and the unmet landscape of health care system seeks for therapeutic or preventive measures. Compelling evidence support Omics as strategic tool of systemic biology is benefit to define wiring of molecular circuit in metabolic malfunction and evaluation of metabolic modulator such as synthetic drugs, stem cell replacement, and natural secondary metabolites from various resources.

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Current cancer treatments by immune checkpoint blockades are limited due to severe adverse events caused by alteration of the immune system required for homeostasis of normal tissues. Common cancer chemotherapy alters the quality of patients’ lives. Platinum-based treatment can lead to severe neurotoxicity with chronic debilitation. Additionally, survival of patients with epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) has remained poor despite extensive cytoreductive surgery, high dose chemotherapy, checkpoint blockades and immunotherapies effective in some other types of cancer. The pathobiology of EOC cancer stem cells (CSCs) is not well understood. Observations demonstrate that EOCs exhibit in vivo two distinct CSC types - perivascular diploid CSCs dividing asymmetrically with the help of the host suicidal CD8+ T cells, and haploid CSCs at the cancer abdominal surface originating from meiosis I cytokinesis of bulk surface cancer cells. The perivascular CSCs contribute to the cancer cell bulk and, via left ovary venous blood, can cause EOC liver metastases. Haploid CSCs released from the bulk cancer surface cause the common pelvic and abdominal EOC spread. Former elimination of the host antibodies blocking T cell effectors by intermittent doses of cyclophosphamide exhibiting significant immunomodulatory anticancer effects, facilitation of the immune system reactivity against alloantigens of cancer cells by blood transfusions, and augmentation of anticancer immunity by bacterial toxins, resulted during the subsequent treatment-free period into rejection of inoperable EOCs without any adverse events during the treatnment. To help prevent cancer relapses, patients treated for advanced primary epithelial cancers should be considered as candidates for continuously stimulating immune anticancer activity by treatments such as daily metformin and weekly lentinan consumptions.

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Integration of HIV prevention services into reproductive health, care support and treatment programs can potentially increase the uptake of FP, dual protection and reduce vertical transmission of HIV.

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Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is responsible for the pathogenesis and poor outcomes of several types of cancers, including advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. Molecular-targeted drugs on the other hand, such as trastuzumab, prolong overall survival and progression-free survival in HER2-positive gastric cancer. The purpose of the case report is to evaluate the impact of delivering trastuzumab in advanced gastric cancer with concomitant HER2 mutation and amplification.

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Shark-based ecotourism is significantly developing around the world, often without appropriate management of risk. This activity involves a risk of accidental bites on divers that can be quite severe or even fatal.

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Accelerated aging and higher co-morbidity prevalence have increased non-antiretroviral (ARV) medications for HIV patients. We examined, over a 12 month period, non-ARV medication burden among HIV-positive patients 18-49 and ≥50 years using a comprehensive U.S. healthcare claims database in an age-and-gender matched analysis (1:3 matching ratio of cases to controls). Primary outcomes of interest included the median and mean number of unique non-ARV drug substances during the one month period with the highest number of prescriptions filled for each individual, and the mean number of unique classes of medication.

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Chronophysiology is an evolutionary multiscience that enables animals including humans to cope with the fluctuating environment. Timing of food intake has been discovered to orchestrate postprandial circadian rhythms of nutrient ingestion, digestion, transport, and metabolism. As such, chrono-orchestration of food intake regulates appetite and eating rate after Chrononutritional physiology is a major unnoticed healthy science that, in light of realistic modeling and understanding of voluntary feed intake in food-producing ruminant models, offers practical perceptions towards establishing health-improving feasible nutritional programs and regimens.

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Fabrication of provisional restorations is an important procedure in fixed prosthodontics. Provisional restorations must satisfy the requirements of pulpal protection, positional stability, occlusal function, ability to be cleansed; margin accuracy, wear resistance, strength, and esthetics.

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A 53 year old man with a background of castrate-sensitive prostate cancer on intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) presented with right sixth nerve palsy secondary to a solitary right petroclival lesion involving adjacent dura and bone. The clinical and imaging characteristics of the lesion were consistent with a number of differential diagnoses (including metastatic prostate cancer, meningioma and chondrosarcoma).

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