Articles Related to ETT

Background: Pneumothorax is potentially a life-threatening condition in neonates with little compensatory pulmonary reserve. Hemodynamically significant pneumothorax requires drainage with large-bore chest tubes, and more recently with small-calibre percutaneous pigtail catheters. This study aims to explicate the effectiveness and safety of both the drainage systems exploring ease of insertion, rates of air-leak resolution, recurrence rates as well as potential procedural complications. Methods: This was a retrospective observational audit reviewing medical records of newborns with symptomatic pneumothorax admitted to tertiary neonatal intensive care unit over 4-year duration, and treated with either chest tube or pigtail catheters as the initial treatment approach. Demographic data, details related to pneumothorax, drain related parameters as well as outcome and efficacy parameters were compared among these two methods of intervention. Results: Out of 51 drainage procedures, 27 infants underwent pigtail insertion compared to 24 infants requiring chest tube thoracostomy. Baseline demographic data, time for radiological clearance and resolution of air leak, duration of drain in-situ, recurrence and complication rate, as well as hospitalisation duration were comparable among the two groups. Group of infants who underwent pigtail insertion required significantly less sedation (51.9% vs 83.3%; p=0.021) and invasive ventilation (63% vs 95.8%; p=0.011) than chest tube insertion. Significantly smaller calibre (8.22±1.6Fr vs 9.08±1.44Fr; p<0.05) catheter was required for pneumothorax drainage with pigtail catheter whose insertion was reported to be more operator friendly

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One factor underlying medical errors in “confirmation bias,” the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one’s existing beliefs or theories. When a medical error occurs, the physician has a moral duty to examine the factors which lead to its occurrence, to discuss these factors with the patient who suffered the error, and to perform their due diligence to prevent the error from occurring again. Restorative Justice is a form of collaborative decisionmaking including all parties involved in a precipitating event, including the perpetrators, victims, and stakeholders. We report on a case in which confirmation bias played a major role in misdiagnosis followed by the application of Restorative Justice principles to address the consequent mistrust between the physician and patient.

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There is a proliferation of particulate matter in the atmosphere within and around the cities because of increased industrial activities. It is thus hypothesized that increase in human activities lead to increase in pollutants concentration inside (n=80 houses sampled) and outside residential areas. Thus, to investigate the air quality at different residential areas within indoor and outdoor environment air samples were collected using Particle Counter (Model: HHPC MET), and Gas Monitor (Aeroqual series 500) to determine particulate matters (i.e., PM10, and PM2,5), volatile organic carbon (VOC) and total solid particle (TSP).

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E-cigarettes (ECs) can affect several organs in the body. On the liver, it causes toxic and immunological effects associated with many inflammatory processes and oxidative stress. E-cigarettes may cause hepatic fibrosis, steatosis, cell dysfunction, injury with the elevation of liver enzymes, and cancer. On the other hand, it also causes hepatic DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nicotine affects both cellular and humoral immune responses.

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The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020 and since then COVID-19 infection has been reported in all parts of the world. Several Healthcare systems reduced or canceled none emergency or urgent surgeries to effectively manage the pandemic. Recently, the reported incidence of new cases of COVID-19 has reduced in some regions and some Healthcare systems are resuming elective gynecologic surgery. This narrative review explores the challenges of planning and resuming elective gynecologic surgery in a climate of continuing community transmission.

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Diaschisis refers to depression of neuronal activity in an area that is remote from a focal disturbance in the brain but is connected to it by white matter tracts. When the cerebellum is affected, it is referred to as crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) and involves the corticopontine tracts.

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Evaluation of peripheral blood morphology is an important screening tool for many diseases.

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The effect of an adequate fluid consumption is well-known and its relevance for the maintenance and promotion of health cannot be denied. Previous work indicates that daily demands and work exposures, i.e. related to stress, may have an impact on drinking patterns. To date, only few studies have investigated workers’ and students’ fluid consumption and drinking patterns, as well as their impact on different outcomes. However, a review that combines previous findings and current knowledge about workers’ and students’ likely fluid consumption has not been published yet. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review on drinking patterns in the settings workplace and university.

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Studies relating cigarette smoking and body weight yield conflicting results. Weight-lowering effects in women and men have been associated with smoking; however, no effects on weight have been proven. This study examined the association between cigarette smoking and relative weight in adolescent males and females as they age into young adults.

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The contact angle of aqueous solutions of TX-100 and TX-165 mixture with propanol on quartz was measured. Wetting of the quartz based on the surfactant mixtures and propanol adsorption at the solution-air, quartz-air and quartz-solution interfaces was analyzed from the obtained results.

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The examination of saliva traces left on cigarette butts as evidences are complicated due to the availability of biological material in trace amounts and its rapid degradation due to extreme effects of environmental factors. This study is aimed to assess the DNA purity and quantify the amount of DNA preserved in saliva found on cigarette butts subjected to various temperatures and humidity. Isolation of cell material from biological traces on forensic evidence is often a serious challenge to solving forensic cases.

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A numerous methods are being used for synthesis of gold nanoparticles (NPs) in liquid media, in micelles and at different interfaces. The size and geometry of NPs depend on parameters of synthesis. Here we propose the growth of Au NPs on atomically flat mica surfaces. In such conditions the monocrystalline and isotropic NPs are being simultaneously formed on the surface.

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ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are the largest and most ancient family of transmembrane proteins with representatives in all phyla from prokaryotes to humans. Systematic searches were performed using PSI-Blast program on NCBI to identify sorghum ABC transporters. The identified proteins were subjected to phylogenetic and domain topology analyses and were classified and named according to the Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) system of classification and unified plant nomenclatural system. As part of the survey, the subcellular location, the presence of signal peptide and physicochemical parameters were determined.

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The effects of the levonorgestrel-intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on urinary and sexual functions of women with idiopathic menorrhagia were evaluated using two internationally validated questionnaire forms. This prospective study included (30-49) year-old women with idiopathic menorrhagia (n=91), who visited the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the hospital. The index of female sexual function (IFSF) questionnaire and the international consultation on incontinence modular questionnaire short form (ICIQ-UI) were used to evaluate sexual and urinary system functions, respectively, pre-, and 6 and 12 months post-LNG-IUS insertion. The IFSF scores were (mean ± SD) 27.1 ± 6.9, 30.0 ± 7.2, and 32.7 ± 7.5 at pre-, and 6 and 12 months post-LNG-IUS insertion, respectively (p<0.001). Compared with pre-LNG-IUS use among 91 patients, the IFSF score (symptoms improved) was increased in 47 and 60 patients and decreased (worsening symptoms) in 10 and 8 patients at 6 and 12 months post-LNG-IUS use, respectively. The ICIQ-UI scores were 4.9 ± 4.4, 3.7 ± 4.0, 2.8 ± 3.0 in pre-, 6, and 12 months post-LNG-IUS insertion, respectively (p<0.001). Compared with pre-LNG-IUS use, the ICIQ-UI score decreased (symptoms improved) in 33 women either in 6 or 12 months post-LNG-IUS use and increased (symptoms worsened) in 11 and 4 patients at 6 and 12 months post-LNG-IUS insertion, respectively.

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Childhood obesity is epidemic in the United States, but low levels of physical activity and high levels of screen time are modifiable risk factors. An activity meter (AM) program, that utilizes an interactive child-focused website and measures the amount and intensity of physical activity, may promote activity and decrease BMI.The current study tests the feasibility of using an AM program with child-caregiver pairs in a primary care setting. We hypothesize that participants would rate the system as easy to use, would be motivated with their engagement in physical activity, and would continue to use and recommend to others. We hypothesize the AM system would increase children’s physical activity levels and decrease engagement in screen time over the study period. We also measure changes in participants’ body mass index (BMI).Prospective study assessing ease of use and satisfaction with the AM program post-intervention and comparing physical activity and BMI changes in children and caregivers from pre- and post-intervention over a 4-month period.

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The design of an electrochemical reactor for the preparation of self-supported comparatively thin (up to 10 μm) and large area (up to 50 cm2) anodic alumina membranes is described allowing growth of porous alumina at high applied potential (up to 150 V) without burning.

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