Articles Related to ETT
Percutaneous Pigtail Catheters for Management of Neonatal Pneumothorax: A Better Alternative to Chest Tube Thoracostomy
Background: Pneumothorax is potentially a life-threatening condition in neonates with little compensatory pulmonary
reserve. Hemodynamically significant pneumothorax requires drainage with large-bore chest tubes, and more recently
with small-calibre percutaneous pigtail catheters.
This study aims to explicate the effectiveness and safety of both the drainage systems exploring ease of insertion, rates of
air-leak resolution, recurrence rates as well as potential procedural complications.
Methods: This was a retrospective observational audit reviewing medical records of newborns with symptomatic pneumothorax admitted to tertiary neonatal intensive care unit over 4-year duration, and treated with either chest tube or
pigtail catheters as the initial treatment approach. Demographic data, details related to pneumothorax, drain related parameters as well as outcome and efficacy parameters were compared among these two methods of intervention.
Results: Out of 51 drainage procedures, 27 infants underwent pigtail insertion compared to 24 infants requiring chest
tube thoracostomy. Baseline demographic data, time for radiological clearance and resolution of air leak, duration of drain
in-situ, recurrence and complication rate, as well as hospitalisation duration were comparable among the two groups.
Group of infants who underwent pigtail insertion required significantly less sedation (51.9% vs 83.3%; p=0.021) and
invasive ventilation (63% vs 95.8%; p=0.011) than chest tube insertion. Significantly smaller calibre (8.22±1.6Fr vs
9.08±1.44Fr; p<0.05) catheter was required for pneumothorax drainage with pigtail catheter whose insertion was reported
to be more operator friendly
Confirmation Bias and Restorative Justice in The Setting of a Missed Diagnosis
One factor underlying medical errors in “confirmation bias,” the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one’s existing beliefs or theories. When a medical error occurs, the physician has a moral duty to examine the factors which lead to its occurrence, to discuss these factors with the patient who suffered the error, and to perform their due diligence to prevent the error from occurring again. Restorative Justice is a form of collaborative decisionmaking including all parties involved in a precipitating event, including the perpetrators, victims, and stakeholders. We report on a case in which confirmation bias played a major role in misdiagnosis followed by the application of Restorative
Justice principles to address the consequent mistrust between the physician and patient.
Assessment of Particulate Matter, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Suspended Solids in Some Settlements around Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State Nigeria
There is a proliferation of particulate matter in the atmosphere within and around the cities because of increased industrial activities. It is thus hypothesized that increase in human activities lead to increase in pollutants concentration inside (n=80 houses sampled) and outside residential areas. Thus, to investigate the air quality at different residential areas within indoor and outdoor environment air samples were collected using Particle Counter (Model: HHPC MET), and Gas Monitor (Aeroqual series 500) to determine particulate matters (i.e., PM10, and PM2,5), volatile organic carbon (VOC) and total solid particle (TSP).
Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Liver
E-cigarettes (ECs) can affect several organs in the body. On the liver, it causes toxic and immunological effects associated with many inflammatory processes and oxidative stress. E-cigarettes may cause hepatic fibrosis, steatosis, cell dysfunction, injury with the elevation of liver enzymes, and cancer. On the other hand, it also causes hepatic DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nicotine affects both cellular and humoral immune responses.
Narrative Review of Challenges and Considerations in Resuming Elective Gynaecology Surgery in Climate of Continuing Community Transmission of Covid-19 in a Low Resource Setting
The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020 and since then COVID-19 infection has been
reported in all parts of the world. Several Healthcare systems reduced or canceled none emergency or urgent surgeries to effectively
manage the pandemic. Recently, the reported incidence of new cases of COVID-19 has reduced in some regions and some Healthcare
systems are resuming elective gynecologic surgery. This narrative review explores the challenges of planning and resuming elective
gynecologic surgery in a climate of continuing community transmission.
Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis in the Setting of Seizure Edema
Diaschisis refers to depression of neuronal activity in an area that is remote from a focal disturbance in the brain but is connected to it by
white matter tracts. When the cerebellum is affected, it is referred to as crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) and involves the corticopontine
tracts.
Setting Threshold Value for Peripheral Blood Morphology Slide Review of Leucocytes and Lymphocytes at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Evaluation of peripheral blood morphology is an important screening tool for many diseases.
Drinking Patterns and Fluid Intake in the Settings Workplace and University: A Systematic Review
The effect of an adequate fluid consumption is well-known and its relevance for the maintenance and promotion of health cannot be denied. Previous work indicates that daily demands and work exposures, i.e. related to stress, may have an impact on drinking patterns. To date, only few studies have investigated workers’ and students’ fluid consumption and drinking patterns, as well as their impact on different outcomes. However, a review that combines previous findings and current knowledge about workers’ and students’ likely fluid consumption has not been published yet. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review on drinking patterns in the settings workplace and university.
Adolescent Smoking: The Relationship between Cigarette Consumption and BMI
Studies relating cigarette smoking and body weight yield conflicting results. Weight-lowering effects in women and men have been associated with smoking; however, no effects on weight have been proven. This study examined the association between cigarette smoking and relative weight in adolescent males and females as they age into young adults.
Adhesion of Aqueous Solution of TX-100 and TX-165 Mixture with Propanol to Quartz
The contact angle of aqueous solutions of TX-100 and TX-165 mixture with propanol on quartz was measured. Wetting of the quartz based on the surfactant mixtures and propanol adsorption at the solution-air, quartz-air and quartz-solution interfaces was analyzed from the obtained results.
“Only Cigarette Butt is Left, DNA Fingerprinting Traps the Theft”
The examination of saliva traces left on cigarette butts as evidences are complicated due to the availability of biological material in trace
amounts and its rapid degradation due to extreme effects of environmental factors. This study is aimed to assess the DNA purity and
quantify the amount of DNA preserved in saliva found on cigarette butts subjected to various temperatures and humidity. Isolation of cell
material from biological traces on forensic evidence is often a serious challenge to solving forensic cases.
Formation of Gold Nanoprisms on Atomically Flat Mica Surface
A numerous methods are being used for synthesis of gold nanoparticles (NPs) in liquid media, in micelles and at different interfaces. The size and geometry of NPs depend on parameters of synthesis. Here we propose the growth of Au NPs on atomically flat mica surfaces. In such conditions the monocrystalline and isotropic NPs are being simultaneously formed on the surface.
Genomic Survey of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporters in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are the largest and most ancient family of transmembrane proteins with representatives in all phyla from prokaryotes to humans. Systematic searches were performed using PSI-Blast program on NCBI to identify sorghum ABC transporters. The identified proteins were subjected to phylogenetic and domain topology analyses and were classified and named according to the Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) system of classification and unified plant nomenclatural system. As part of the survey, the subcellular location, the presence of signal peptide and physicochemical parameters were determined.
Effect of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System on Sexual and Urinary Functions
The effects of the levonorgestrel-intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on urinary and sexual functions of women with idiopathic menorrhagia were evaluated using two internationally validated questionnaire forms. This prospective study included (30-49) year-old women with idiopathic menorrhagia (n=91), who visited the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the hospital. The index of female sexual function (IFSF) questionnaire and the international consultation on incontinence modular questionnaire short form (ICIQ-UI) were used to evaluate sexual and urinary system functions, respectively, pre-, and 6 and 12 months post-LNG-IUS insertion. The IFSF scores were (mean ± SD) 27.1 ± 6.9, 30.0 ± 7.2, and 32.7 ± 7.5 at pre-, and 6 and 12 months post-LNG-IUS insertion, respectively (p<0.001). Compared with pre-LNG-IUS use among 91 patients, the IFSF score (symptoms improved) was increased in 47 and 60 patients and decreased (worsening symptoms) in 10 and 8 patients at 6 and 12 months post-LNG-IUS use, respectively. The ICIQ-UI scores were 4.9 ± 4.4, 3.7 ± 4.0, 2.8 ± 3.0 in pre-, 6, and 12 months post-LNG-IUS insertion, respectively (p<0.001). Compared with pre-LNG-IUS use, the ICIQ-UI score decreased (symptoms improved) in 33 women either in 6 or 12 months post-LNG-IUS use and increased (symptoms worsened) in 11 and 4 patients at 6 and 12 months post-LNG-IUS insertion, respectively.
The Effectiveness of an Activity Meter for Overweight Children and Their Caregivers in a Clinical Setting: a Pilot Study
Childhood obesity is epidemic in the United States, but low levels of physical activity and high levels of screen time are modifiable risk factors. An activity meter (AM) program, that utilizes an interactive child-focused website and measures the amount and intensity of physical activity, may promote activity and decrease BMI.The current study tests the feasibility of using an AM program with child-caregiver pairs in a primary care setting. We hypothesize that participants would rate the system as easy to use, would be motivated with their engagement in physical activity, and would continue to use and recommend to others. We hypothesize the AM system would increase children’s physical activity levels and decrease engagement in screen time over the study period. We also measure changes in participants’ body mass index (BMI).Prospective study assessing ease of use and satisfaction with the AM program post-intervention and comparing physical activity and BMI changes in children and caregivers from pre- and post-intervention over a 4-month period.
Preparation of Large Area Anodic Alumina Membranes and their Application to Thin Film Fuel Cell
The design of an electrochemical reactor for the preparation of self-supported comparatively thin (up to 10 μm) and large area (up to 50 cm2) anodic alumina membranes is described allowing growth of porous alumina at high applied potential (up to 150 V) without burning.
Editorial Board Members Related to ETT

MICHAEL CHAPMAN
Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
School of Women's and Children's Health
University of New South Wales
Australia
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
School of Women's and Children's Health
University of New South Wales
Australia

Diego Andrés Chiappetta
Associate Professor
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
University of Buenos Aires
Argentina
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
University of Buenos Aires
Argentina

Alessia Giannetto
Researcher
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences
University of Messina
Italy
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences
University of Messina
Italy

Boris A. Reva
Associate Professor
Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
United States
Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
United States

Vural Fidan
Vural Fidan, M.D.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology
Hacettepe University
Yunus Emre Government Hospital
Turkey
Hacettepe University
Yunus Emre Government Hospital
Turkey

HARRY E. RUDA
Professor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
University of Toronto
Canada
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
University of Toronto
Canada