Articles Related to antibiotic

Large numbers of nations are associated with utilization of anti-toxins regardless of remedy (OTC medications). This DDD/ ATC value contributes to improved antibiotic use quality. The principal objective is to direct improvement of sane medication use of strategies and to give a standard technique for information for future evaluation.

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Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have provided groundbreaking advancements for a variety of malignancies. It has been of recent interest to identify predictive indicators of response to improve cancer management using immunotherapy. The intestinal microbiome has been recognized as a potential predictor of ICI anti- tumor activity. Antibiotics reduce diversity the overall composition of the gut microbiota, with effects seen as quickly as in a single day. Post-antibiotic dysbiosis recovery varies depending on type and duration of exposure. Preclinical studies in mice with advanced cancer treated with broad spectrum antibiotics have been associated with resistance to ICI treatment.

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Bloodstream infections (BSI) are one of severe infectious complications faced by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. BSI increases significantly the morbidity and mortality of HSCT patients. Gram-positive bacteria occurred more frequency than gram-negative bacteria over past decades, but rates of gram-negative bloodstream infections have recently increased again. Antibacterial prophylaxis could be justified in HSCT, infections caused by resistant pathogens increased mortality. New antibiotics such as omadacycline, meropenem/vaborbactam, eravacycline, ceftobiprole, tedizolid, dalbavancin, cefiderocol hold promise for the treatment of highly resistant pathogens.

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Urinary tract infection is defined as the presence of microorganism in the urine that cannot be accounted by contamination. First line treatments for UTI are antibiotics. Antibiotic stewardship is the coordinated intervention designed to improve and measure the appropriate use of antibiotic agents, by promoting the selection of optimal antibiotic drug regimen including dosing, duration of therapy and route of administration.

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Irrational use of antimicrobials in food animals is reported as a primary cause of antibiotic resistance (AMR) at the animal human interface with detrimental public health implications. Veterinarians are the main player for antimicrobial usage in food producing animals (FPAs). Therefore, this study was aimed to explore the key determinants of antibiotic prescription behavior among FPAs practitioners and its public health implications. For the purpose, a pre-tested questionnaire was presented to FPAs veterinarians.

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The evaluation of the environmental risk of antibiotics and their byproducts is an important topic around the world viewing the increase of use of antibiotics and the absence of conventional water treatment plants. The objective of the study is to determine the consumption of antibiotics and evaluate their potential health hazard as contaminants of the Lebanese surface waters. Data of 704 antibiotics consumed in 2019 were provided by the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH).

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The development and spread of antibiotic resistance have become a major cause of concern. Over a past few decades, no major new types of antibiotics have been produced and almost all known antibiotics are losing their activity against pathogenic organisms. Overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in animals and humans is contributing to the rising threat of antibiotic resistance as some types of infections in humans have already developed resistance to most of the antibiotics available for treatment.

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Hospital hygiene is a set of preventive measures essential to ensure the quality of care in health facilities

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Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that affects a wide range of animals, including domestic livestock, and human. It is considered one of the most common bacterial zoonoses in the world. Endemic in many parts of India little is known about the antibiotic susceptibility or resistance of Brucella isolates from India.

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Surgical site infections are amongst the leading cause of morbidity, mortality and cost due to increased hospital stay by patients. A study was conducted to understand antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of major pathogens isolated from surgical site infections in Belize.

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To identify pathogens that are frequently isolated from wound infections in the Turks and Caicos Islands and formulate antibiogram based on their patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility. Bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility data from 1343 wound swabs cultured at the Cheshire Hall Medical Laboratory between January 2013 and November 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique was used to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 79.1% of the 1343 swabs cultured were positive yielding a total of 1687 bacterial isolates. Frequently isolated bacteria included Staphylococcus aureus which accounted for 27.6% of isolates, approximately a third of which were methicillin resistant, Pseudomonas spp. (12.1%), Proteus spp. (8.2%), Enterococcus spp. (7.8%), E. coli (7.2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (6.1%), Klebsiella spp. (5.5%), Acinetobacter spp. (4.3%), coagulase negative Staphyloccus (4.0%) and Enterobacter spp. (3.7%). The overall highest resistance rates were seen among tetracycline (46.3%), erythromycin (37.6%) and ceftriaxone (34.2%). Imipenem, penicillin, meropenem and vancomycin had sensitivity rates ranging from 92.3% to 99.5%. Individual resistance rates varied among isolates, some differing significantly from overall rates. When tested against antibiotics routinely used to treat Pseudomonas spp., resistance rates ranged from 1.4-55.5%.

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Biofilm is the layer which is formed with the matrix produced through accumulation of the free organisms on a proper surface. This layer makes treatment of S.aureus infections difficult as it makes S.aureus resistant to antibiotics and inhibits phagocytosis.

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Irrational antibiotic use has led society to antibiotic resistance, a serious health problem worldwide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of antibiotics self-medication among university medical students in Tripoli city.

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Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is a strong contributor to respiratory failure and associated mortality. Bacteria colonizing a cystic fibrosis lung commonly form biofilms that greatly contribute to increased antibiotic resistance and hypermutability. Antimicrobial treatment in these cases can be either through the use of a single agent (monotherapy) or through a combination of agents (combination therapy).

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β-lactam antibiotics represented the oldest class of antibiotics used in the treatment of infections in a human being, livestock, and aquaculture. Drugs residues in the edible tissues or foodstuffs of animal pose a potential threat to human health. At present, extensive antibiotic-resistant strains are now being detected and the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of epidemic and zoonotic pathogens is a major concern. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the extent of β-lactam antibiotics-HSA/BSA conjugations via three conjugation methods by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detector. We wish that the technique will be applied to preliminarily detect the residues of β-lactam antibiotics may persist in edible tissues or foodstuffs in the livestock and aquaculture farms in clinical.

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