Articles Related to carcinoma

Pancreatic cancer carries one of the worst prognoses in the United States. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and second after colorectal cancer in digestive system cancer-related death. Early detection is the key to improving its prognosis. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment, but even after margin-negative resection, the 5-year survival rate is still 30%. The following case presents a fascinating diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Despite an initial diagnosis of pancreatitis, negative cytology, tumor markers, and imaging suggestive of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), this patient underwent surgical resection that later revealed pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the tail. This article highlights certain imaging modalities and characteristics that are essential in the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, in an effort to guide management of similar cases, with hope it leads to better outcomes.

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Diffuse midline gliomas with the histone 3-lysine-27-methionine (H3K27M) mutation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent hemiparesis and headache in patients with midline brainstem lesions, even with the absence of contrast-enhancement. Early diagnosis is essential for prognostication and engagement in trials evaluating novel therapeutics such as ONC-201.

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Chronic pilonidal sinus disease, an acquired benign affliction too many across the globe but in the very few follows through to malignant transformation. We report an unusual case of a large squamous cell carcinoma arising from a chronic pilonidal sinus, its successful surgical excision and detailed documentation of wound healing with the assistance of a negative pressure wound therapy dressing. For large sacrococcygeal wounds we evidence that secondary intention healing via NPWT is a valid initial alternative to reconstructive surgery with a good cosmetic outcome and the option for early ambulation.

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Cutaneous adnexal carcinomas are rare cutaneous malignant adnexal tumors derived from eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, follicular structures and sebaceous glands. They represent less than 1% of cutaneous cancers Porocarcinoma and hidradenocarcinoma are two main types of eccrine sweat carcinomas of unknown pathogenesis characterized by their clinicopathological diversity.

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This study aims at describing the CT imaging findings and role of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa and its staging. The imaging findings in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity allow the radiologist to accurately determine the extent and staging of disease thereby help clinicians plan appropriate treatment.

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The 31-year old male patient with primary orbital epithelioid sarcoma of lacrimal gland in combination with primary renal cell carcinoma is being presented. Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare high-grade aggressive malignant soft tissue tumor. Until now, all reported cases were localized in the orbit, but to our knowledge, this is the first case primary localized in the lacrimal gland.

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Sysmex UF-4000/5000 uses fluorescence flow cytometry technology and hydrodynamic focusing for urine sediment analysis, where particles are stained by specific fluorochromes for nucleic acids and surface structures and then sent through the semi-conductor laser beam. Atypical cells show side fluorescence and scattered light properties indicating their enlarged nuclei and increased nucleus/ cytoplasm ratio

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Distant metastases from follicular thyroid carcinoma are not uncommon, but bone localization in the cranial vault is extremely rare. Although these metastases have a poor prognosis, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can improve quality of life. We report a case of follicular thyroid carcinoma revealed by a metastasis of the cranial vault initially diagnosed as meningioma.

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To study the prevalence, clinico-pathological profile and survival outcome of oral squamous cell carcinoma in young patients (<40 years).

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Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare epithelial neoplasm, that may affect the salivary glands. It comprises 30% of epithelial minor salivary gland tumors. We present the case of a 56-year-old non-smoking woman with no significant medical history. The MRI finds a lesional process involving the right hemi mandible, the right buccal floor, which extends towards the region of the masticators and infiltrates the submandibular gland. A bone biopsy of the mandible under general anesthesia was performed, showing an adenoid cystic carcinoma. After announcing the diagnosis to the patient, she refused any treatment

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Multiple primary parotid gland tumors are rare, accounting for 1.7-5% of all parotid neoplasms, and the occurrence of bilateral parotid gland tumors is even lower (1.3-3.5%). These tumors can be synchronous or metachronous and the most common histologic type of bilateral parotid gland tumors is Warthin tumor (79.2-90%). Combined benign and malignant lesions and bilateral neoplasms of different histologic types are even less frequently found.

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The World Health Organization, in 2004, published a new classification that recognizes different histological variants (HV) of urothelial carcinomas

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We aimed to determine whether the excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) expression predicts response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). This was a retrospective study, in which hospital files of 31 patients (29 males, 2 females; mean age, 62.26±7.71 years) were reviewed. All patients were treated with etoposide+cisplatin. The lung biopsy and mediastinal lymph node samples were applied anti-human monoclonal antibodies against ERCC1: immunohistochemical staining was considered positive if 25-100% of the cells showed nuclear staining, and negative if less than 25% of the cells showed negative or slight staining. Response to treatment was evaluated as regression (complete or partial response), progressive disease, or stable disease. Of the patients, 18 (58.1%) had limited-stage, and 13 (41.9%) had extensive-stage SCLC. Median follow-up duration was 15 months (range: 1-60 months). ERCC1 staining was positive in 9 of 31 patients (29.0%). In 12 patients (38.7%), tumor regression (complete or partial response) was obtained after chemotherapy. Tumor regression rate was higher in ERCC1 positive patients than those with negative ERCC1 expression (66.7% vs. 27.3%, p=0.036). In conclusion, high expression of ERCC1 was associated with higher response rate to cisplatin-based regimens in patients with SCLC.

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Thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common anomaly in thyroid development. Majority is benign, but 1% may be malignant. Papillary carcinoma is the most frequent thyroid cancer. The synchronous occurrence of thyroglossal duct cyst and thyroid carcinoma is rare and the association with another congenital malformation is extremely rarer. A 41-year-old woman was referred to our department with complaints of a midline cervical abnormality. Clinico-radiological evaluation suggested a thyroglossal duct cyst with non-palpable nodules of thyroid gland and a midline cleft with fibrous cord. Sistrunk’s procedure along with a total thyroidectomy associated to an excision and Z-plasty closure of this congenital cervical cleft were performed, followed by post-operative radioiodine ablation.

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Squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal may masquerade as an infective process causing late diagnosis. A delay in treatment as a result of missed diagnosis would carry a poor prognosis as the disease progresses to an advanced stage. We present a case of a man with history of chronic otorrhea, who developed left sided otalgia associated with hearing loss. otoscopic examination shows a mass in her left ear and pus discharge which was initially treated as an infection. The biopsy of the mass was proven to be squamous cell carcinoma. High index of suspicion is necessary when encountering patients presenting with a mass in the ear canal with prior history of chronic otorrhea or cholesteatoma. Proper tissue biopsy is crucial. Early diagnosis is required for better prognosis for the patient.

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The application of electronic-nose (E-nose) technologies in forensic science is a recent new development following a long history of progress in the development of diverse applications in the related biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Data from forensic analyses must satisfy the needs and requirements of both the scientific and legal communities. The type of data collected from electronic-nose devices provides a means of identifying specific types of information about the chemical nature of evidentiary objects and samples under investigation using aroma signature profiles of complex gaseous mixtures containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from manufactured products and parts of the human body. E-nose analyses also provide useful qualitative information about the physicochemical characteristics and metabolic conditions of human subjects without the need for time-consuming analyses to identify all chemical components in human-derived volatile mixtures.

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