Articles Related to drugs
Activated Charcoal and Derivate Materials in Drugs and Biopharmaceutical Purification: Impurity Aspects
In literature are reported various use of activated charcoal AC and derivates in biopharmaceutical purifications.Aim of this
work is to verify impurity proficle when using this technology.Various commercial products are reported here but it is not
the scope of this work put in relation with any toxicological reaction: only to describe the technique used in this field.Because
various drugs and bioproduct need purification steps it is if of interest to see some material science peculiarity
Psychoactive Drugs Induced DNA Damage: A Review
Psychoactive substances, also known as psychotropic substances are substances that alter the mental state of a person by affecting the way the nervous system and brain work [1]. Psychoactive substances can cause intoxication and this is generally the major reason why most individuals engage in their use. Individuals who take psychoactive substances experience changes in brain function which alter their mood, consciousness, and/or perceptions. Psychoactive substances are present in different medications, alcohol, plants, and animals [2], many, but not all of which are addictive [1]. The most common psychoactive drugs used by people to alter their mental state are caffeine and alcohol [3]. Although they are available legally, yet, they are harmful both psychologically and physically when used in excess. Usually, the decision of how and when to use these psychoactive drugs is left to the individuals [3], however, in certain situations, the drugs are used for exploitation of others by the alteration of their mental state. For example, Rohypnol has been used as a date-rape [4]. Some of the psychoactive drugs are very unpleasant making the users quit their use. This is the case in certain classic psychedelics (e.g., psilocybin), powerful dissociatives (e.g., Salvia divinorum), and deliriants (e.g., Jimson weed) [5].
Addiction and dependence resulting from the misuse of psychoactive drugs have led to moral debate and legal measures, while governmental controls on prescription, supply, and manufacture have been efforts made to minimize the additive use of these drugs. Also, ethical concerns exist about the marketing of these drugs by manufacturers and their clinical over-use. However, in some countries, there are ongoing popular campaigns geared towards legalizing and decriminalizing the use of some recreational drugs such as cannabis. Many individual, genetic and environmental factors have been reported to work individually or synergistically to decrease or increase the probability that an individual will use a psychoactive drug and to what extent [6]. This review aimed at updating information on the different uses of various psychoactive drugs by humans, the different effects on the biological system, and their reported DNA damaging potential in simulated and real-life scenarios.
A Review on Veterinary Medical Waste Disposal and Management
The purpose of this review is to highlight environmentally sound disposal methods of veterinary pharmaceutcals wastes and the risks associated with its improper disposal, with a systematic review. Pharmaceuticals are produced and used in large volumes increasingly every year throughout the world. Medicinal waste products are medicinal products which are not fit for sale or supply. Waste produced in veterinary practice in common with other medical disciplines can be broken down into general waste similar to household waste, clinical waste and hazardous waste. Disposal of
pharmaceutical compounds is becoming a complex environmental issue. The safety and health of the environment is directly
affected by the disposal methods. Improper medical waste disposal and management causes all types of pollution (air, soil,
and water). Proper waste management have to be undertaken to ensure that it does not affect the environment and not
cause health hazards to the people living there. Different types of medical waste require different disposal techniques. The
appropriate safe disposal method recommended will depend principally on the pharmaceutical dosage form of the drugs.
One of the best advisable veterinary waste disposal practices is to store the waste properly before collection and transportation. Some general medical waste can be disposed of in landfill, others require specialist treatment such as a medical
incinerator. Appropriate safety precautions, which minimize the risk to the health and safety of pharmacy staff, should
be taken when handling medicinal waste products. Extra precautions should be taken by staff in high-risk groups as they
may be at increased risk if they come into contact with particular substances. The cost of pharmaceuticals waste disposal
comprises of direct costs of supplies and materials used for collection, transport, storage, treatment, disposal, decontamination and cleaning, the cost of labor and material for training and maintenance, and will vary depending on the treatment
method chosen, the capacity of the treatment facility and according to the waste quantity and quality.
Antibiotics in Lebanese Surface Waters: Estimation of Population Exposure and Identification of High-Risk Drugs
The evaluation of the environmental risk of antibiotics and their byproducts is an important topic around the world viewing the increase of use of antibiotics and the absence of conventional water treatment plants. The objective of the study is to determine the consumption of antibiotics and evaluate their potential health hazard as contaminants of the Lebanese surface waters. Data of 704 antibiotics consumed in 2019 were provided by the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH).
Impaired Driving Associated with the Synthetic Cannabinoid 5F-ADB
Synthetic marijuana compounds are more potent than ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) and are known to produce a wide variety of clinical symptoms including cardiac toxicity, seizures, and death. Erratic driving by a 45 y/o male was witnessed in the fall of 2017 and roadside evaluation of the driver by the responding law enforcement officer concluded that the driver was intoxicated. Comprehensive analysis of the cigarettes by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected the synthetic cannabinoid 5-fluoro-ADB (5F-ADB or
5F-MDMB-PINACA). Validated forensic liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were used to detect the 5-fluoro ADB metabolite 7 (26.37 ng/mL) in the driver’s blood sample. No other drugs were detected. This case report is one of the first to conclusively show that designer synthetic cannabinoids, commonly referred to as “K2” and “Spice”, can significantly impair driving at relatively low concentrations.
A Systematic Review Caenorhabditis Elegans (C. Elegans) - A Host Model Organism to Study Drug-Induced Responses to the Effects of Stimulant and Depressant Drugs
Although there are many researches on drug of abuse behavior using C. elegans as model organism, the precise targets and mechanism shared by C. elegans accompanied with behavioral responses to substance misuse is still scarce. This alternative model for rodents and other animal organism has been used to investigate genetic mechanism and specific genes coding drug-induced behavioral response. However, there is very few papers reported to summarize and analyze findings from original researches to identify target/genes underpinning responses to drug addiction.
Drugs of Abuse and Addiction - Overview and Current Status
Today, both nonprescription and prescription drugs used by people for disease treatment, illicit or reward purposes have diverse effects on health permanently or long-lastingly. The effects may even continue and lead to the death or disabilities in child when a person is no longer use the substance. Substances that cause addiction trigger intense feeling of euphoria then lead to loss of control of self-behavior and perception.
Fatal road accidents in Spain: psychoactive substances in killed drivers in 2014
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are often related to impairment by alcohol or drugs. The objectives of this study is to present toxicological data on drivers killed in traffic accidents in Spain in 2014 from a sample of 614 drivers and 240 (out of 614) with positive results for alcohol, illicit drugs and psychoactive medicinal drugs.
An Introduction to the Approaches of Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
The currently available anti HIV agents have several drawbacks such as short half life, low bioavailability, poor CNS penetration and
retention, hepatic first pass metabolism, undesirable side effects and frequent dosing regimen.
The Ongoing Battle for Syringe Exchange
Syringe exchange programs (SEPs) have been shown to be effective in reduction of infectious disease rates in several studies over the years.
Nutritional and Biological Control Synergism against Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Small Ruminants
Parasitic gastroenteritis caused by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) continues to be a major constraint against profitable small ruminant production. The increasing prevalence and severity of anthelmintic-resistant nematodes in many parts of the world has led to a search for non-chemical control options.
Effects of Oxytocin and Carbetocin on Haemostatic Variables in Pregnant Women after Cesarean Section
Uterine atony is the first cause of haemorrhage at delivery. To prevent post partum major bleeding uterotonic prophylactic drugs are commonly used after caesarean section. Few studies showed an haemostatic activation after oxytocin infusion while no data are available on carbetocin.
Canakinumab in the Treatment of Erosive Hand Osteoarthritis: A Case Series
Erosive hand Osteoarthritis (EOA) is a common and debilitating form of hand OA for which there are no proven or efficacious therapies. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) plays a prominent role in OA joint inflammation. Canakinumab is a selective IL-1β inhibitor.
Immunodeficiency and Microbial Infections
Immunodeficiency refers to failure of immune system to encounter infections by different microbial pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and protozoan. This is called acquired or secondary immunodeficiency syndrome (SIS).
A New Bi-Functional Derivative of Polyethylene Glycol as Molecular Carrier for Eugenol and Ibuprofen
Eugenol (EU) and ibuprofene (IBU) were covalently bound to a bi-functionalized PEG, used as molecular carrier of drugs and the release kinetics of the two bioactive molecules was studied in vitro in buffer solution at pH 7.4, in simulated gastric fluid and in mouse plasma.
Editorial Board Members Related to drugs
Suresh G. Joshi
Associate Professor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Drexel University
United States
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Drexel University
United States
Vural Fidan
Vural Fidan, M.D.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology
Hacettepe University
Yunus Emre Government Hospital
Turkey
Hacettepe University
Yunus Emre Government Hospital
Turkey
NIKOLAS P. LEMOS
Professor
Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
University of California
United States
Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
University of California
United States
Insop Shim
Professor
Department of Medical Science
College of Korean Medicine
Kyung Hee University
South Korea
Department of Medical Science
College of Korean Medicine
Kyung Hee University
South Korea
Hui Xiao
Associate Professor
Department of Pathology
Yeshiva University
United States
Department of Pathology
Yeshiva University
United States
Esam Z. Dajani
Adjunct Professor of Medicine
Loyola University
USA
Loyola University
USA
JANAK PADIA
Associate Professor
Center of Biomolecular Therapeutics
University of Maryland
United States
Center of Biomolecular Therapeutics
University of Maryland
United States
GAETANO GIAMMONA
Professor
Pharmaceutical Technologies
University of Palermo
Italy
Pharmaceutical Technologies
University of Palermo
Italy
Efimia Papadopoulou-Alataki
Assistant professor
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Papageorgiou Hospital
Greece
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Papageorgiou Hospital
Greece
Martin Michaelis
Professor of Molecular Medicine
Centre for Molecular Processing and School of Biosciences
University of Kent
United Kingdom
Centre for Molecular Processing and School of Biosciences
University of Kent
United Kingdom