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The Pattern and Outcome of Acute Poisoning at Toxicology Center in St. Peter Specialized Hospital

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The Present Scenario of Lathyrisum Regarding Public Health in 2021

Backgrounds: Neurolathyrism is a disease, which is linked with the consumption of Lathyrus sativus ( L. sativusi) pulse that contain the neurotoxin-beta-N-oxalyl-L-alpha-beta-diamino propionic acid (beta-ODAP). Patients with Lathyrisum suffer with gradual enhancement in spasticity and bony changes, which are responsible for appearing the crippling condition throughout life. Objective: The present study has been done as to establish the present situation of L. sativusi consumption and Lathyrisum. Materials and Methods:We performed the survey in the village of Mohammadabad Block of Gazipur district in Eastern Uttar Pradesh (a state with maximum population in India) which have population of million, and L. sativusi is the main pulse of the year, which sustains the economy of these populations. Results:Out of 21,234 subjects L. sativusi eating population for more than 10 years, none had Lathyrisum. On contrary, to popular belief, this population enjoys various dishes made by L. sativusi pulse which in popular are local delicacy. Conclusions:There is no evidence of L. sativusi causing Lathyrisum in 2021. On contrary, L. sativusi pulses have become an inheriting part of the food habits in these populations.
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Psychoactive Drugs Induced DNA Damage: A Review

Psychoactive substances, also known as psychotropic substances are substances that alter the mental state of a person by affecting the way the nervous system and brain work [1]. Psychoactive substances can cause intoxication and this is generally the major reason why most individuals engage in their use. Individuals who take psychoactive substances experience changes in brain function which alter their mood, consciousness, and/or perceptions. Psychoactive substances are present in different medications, alcohol, plants, and animals [2], many, but not all of which are addictive [1]. The most common psychoactive drugs used by people to alter their mental state are caffeine and alcohol [3]. Although they are available legally, yet, they are harmful both psychologically and physically when used in excess. Usually, the decision of how and when to use these psychoactive drugs is left to the individuals [3], however, in certain situations, the drugs are used for exploitation of others by the alteration of their mental state. For example, Rohypnol has been used as a date-rape [4]. Some of the psychoactive drugs are very unpleasant making the users quit their use. This is the case in certain classic psychedelics (e.g., psilocybin), powerful dissociatives (e.g., Salvia divinorum), and deliriants (e.g., Jimson weed) [5]. Addiction and dependence resulting from the misuse of psychoactive drugs have led to moral debate and legal measures, while governmental controls on prescription, supply, and manufacture have been efforts made to minimize the additive use of these drugs. Also, ethical concerns exist about the marketing of these drugs by manufacturers and their clinical over-use. However, in some countries, there are ongoing popular campaigns geared towards legalizing and decriminalizing the use of some recreational drugs such as cannabis. Many individual, genetic and environmental factors have been reported to work individually or synergistically to decrease or increase the probability that an individual will use a psychoactive drug and to what extent [6]. This review aimed at updating information on the different uses of various psychoactive drugs by humans, the different effects on the biological system, and their reported DNA damaging potential in simulated and real-life scenarios.
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Development of SARS-Cov-2 Circulating Immune Complex Candidate, (CRCx) as A New Promising Vaccine Eliciting Broad Immune Response.

There is a need to develop a universal vaccine that can boost immunity to coronaviruses if some modifications in their structure occur. This is what we are dealing with nowadays: a virus that can mutate its structure, while immunity is standing still in facing the virus. We report on preclinical trials of CRCx 3 and CRCx 2 vaccine candidates in inducing an elevated level of positive neutralizing antibodies as well as a cellular immune response in an animal model to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2. Highly efficient protection against SARS-CoV-2 was obtained with three-dose immunization using 0.25 ml of CRCx vaccine with a 25-mm needle at 7-day intervals between successive injections. In addition, CRCx vaccine candidates exhibit efficient productivity and good genetic stability for vaccine manufacture. These results support the further evaluation of CRCx in a clinical trial.
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Gliomatosis Cerebri: A Case Report

Background: Gliomatosis cerebri is a rare primary brain tumor that can have extensive infiltration into the brain parenchyma. It can affect any age group and often has poor clinical outcomes. Given its unique pathology, presentation and treatment can be challenging to recognize and efficaciously treat
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PSII Photosystem Protection by Soil Amendment with Biochar and Adequate Nitrogen Fertilizer Availability Attenuate Cadmium Induced-Photoinhibition and Phytotoxicity in Solanum Lycopersicon

The aim of this research was to assess the biochar ability to protect the photosynthesis process face to Cd contamination, especially, when nitrogen fertilizer was added at adequate amount. Culture of tomato seedlings was conducted on pots containing soil added with different portion of biochar (0, 3.5 and 7%) and nitrogen (3 or 6g NH4NO3). Irrigation was done by water (control condition) or Cd solution (150µM). Data showed that regardless presence of Cd, synchronously addition of high nitrogen fertilizer (6g) and biochar (7%) in the culture medium resulted in fresh matter production, photosynthetic pigment (Chlorophyll a) and mineral elements content enhancement. Similar observation was shown concerning the mineral nutrition (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents).
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New Forensic Protocol in the Era of SARS-CoV-2

During the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic in Italy, even though many people died due to virus-induced complications, there was a warm advice from the government against performing body autopsies, instigating their incineration. It was a reckless decision, leaving clinicians and scientists empty handed when it comes to studying infection-induced tissue changes and subsequent organ failures, making it more difficulties in finding a better clinical solution for combating the virus.
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Chemical Characterization, Antimicrobial-Antifungal Activity on Probiotic Micro organisms and Genotoxicity–Cytotoxicity Effects of Lamiaceae Family Essential Oils from Different Plants

Pipermint, thyme, rosemary, sage and basil species which have major characteristic specialities of Lamiaceae family, have antimicrobial activities on pathogene microorganisms. Probiotic microorganisms have valuable effects on human body and inhibition of probiotics causes many diseases. In this present study, it was aimed to determine indicate probiotic resistance against natural antimicrobial agents (as essential oils) compare to pathogenes in previous studies.
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Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis in the Setting of Seizure Edema

Diaschisis refers to depression of neuronal activity in an area that is remote from a focal disturbance in the brain but is connected to it by white matter tracts. When the cerebellum is affected, it is referred to as crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) and involves the corticopontine tracts.
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Relationship between Blood Ethanol Concentration, Ethyl Glucuronide and Ethyl Sulfate and Clinical Signs of Alcohol Intoxication

Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) are markers for screening previous alcohol consumption and indicating recent drinking in cases of suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol.
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Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Twin Sisters after Ibuprofen Administration. New Insights in Pathogenesis and Literature Review

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are closely-related, severe, acute life-threatening, drug-induced skin and mucosal disorders with a high mortality rate or long-term damages. These medical conditions are considered a delayed, typeIV hypersensitivity reaction and can be triggered by drugs, infections and malignancies.
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Suicidal Poisoning by Ingestion of Taxus Baccata Leaves: A Case Report with Review of the Literature

Taxus baccata is one of the most poisonous trees in the world. It contains taxanes and toxic alkaloids: the most dangerous one is the taxine. It is a fairly common plant in our environment and could be extremely dangerous; however, yew poisoning is quite rare. Cases may occur by voluntary or accidental ingestion. Therefore, the rapid orientation and diagnosis of suspected episode are important, in order to treat it quickly.
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Copper Oxide Nano-Hydrogel Composite and their Toxicology Studies: A Green Chemistry Approach

The increasing demand for skin care products formulated with metal oxide nanoparticles such as Zinc oxide, Titanium oxide and Copper oxide nanoparticles calls for toxicological safety concerns. Phytochemical assisted synthesis of Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) has been achieved by a simple, one-pot chemical procedure using polyphenol-rich aqueous extract of Solanum torvum L. as a reducing and capping agent.
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Fatal 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) Ingestion & Use of a Novel Analytical Methodology Testing Post-Mortem Blood Concentrations

2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) is readily available online as an unapproved weight loss supplement. Severe systemic toxicity and death have been reported following DNP use.
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The Dose and its Acute Toxicology: A Systematic Review Article in the First Phase of Experimental Pharmacology

Hundreds and thousands of acute toxicity studies are conducted in experimental pharmacology with assumption hypothesis every year. It is usually concluded with inadequately validated data during the period of investigation within 24 hours.
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Editorial Board Members Related to toxic

Juan Jose Alava

Research Associate
Faculty of Science
The University of British Columbia
Canada

Ashraf Youssef Nasr

Associate professor
Department of Anatomy & Embryology
Zagazig University
Egypt

Aly Soliman Hamed Derbalah

Professor
Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Department
Faculty of Agriculture
Kafr-El-Shiekh University
Egypt

Abdelwahab Omri

Professor
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Laurentian University
Canada

Carla J. Kinslow

Principal Consultant
Rimkus Consulting Group
USA

Dr. Amarnath Mishra

Assistant Professor
Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences
Amity University
India

Osama Mohamed Ahmed

Professor of Physiology
Physiology Division
Zoology Department
Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University
Egypt

Ashraf Naeem

Associate professor
Department of Anatomy & Embryology
Zagazig University
Egypt

Mohamed Eddouoks

Professor
Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia
Moulay Ismail University
Morocco

HAMID A SALEH

Professor
Department of Anatomy and Embryology
King Abdulaziz University
Saudi Arabia
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