Recent Articles

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the basic genetic knowledge of medical school students and their self-report ed knowledge about some genetic defects-diseases and genetic counseling. Materials and methods: In this descriptive study, data were collected through an online survey. The questionnaire was sent to preclinical and clinical students in semesters 1-6, and 328 students answered the questionnaire. Results: Of the total 328 students, 59.5% were female and 40.5% were male. The mean age was 21.42±1.99 years and 57.6% of the students were in pre-clinical and 42.4% were in clinical classes. Students in pre-clinical classes reported less knowl edge of basic genetics, genetic defects, and diseases when compared with the students in clinical classes (p

During gestation, oxidative stress occurs physiologically and stressors such as endocrine alterations, maternal age, genetic problems, exposure to ethanol and malnutrition can contribute to this oxidative stress changing from physiological to non- physiological, impairing gestation, fetal development and re ecting on the adult life of the o spring. e objective of this study was to evaluate the direct e ects on sows and indirect e ects on o spring a er adulthood of chronic exposure to ethanol and malnutrition while still in utero. e sows were divided into four groups: Control Group (C), ethanol (E), mal nutrition (M) and ethanol and malnutrition (EM). Data were collected from the sows as soon as pregnancy was con rmed and from the o spring from birth to the 60th day of life. e weight, food and water intake were evaluated in the sows and the weight, ferric reducing antioxidant power and FOX assays in the o spring. Maternal body weight showed a reduction in group D from the 14th day of gestation. Group E decreased food intake from the rst week of gestation and remained so un til the end of the protocols. Regarding the hydration of the mother, groups E and EM showed decreased water intake from the rst week of gestation and remained so until birth. Regarding the weight of the o spring, the measurement was per formed on the 7th, 21st, 30th, 50th and 60th days of life, showing statistical di erence in all groups when compared with each other or with group C until adulthood. Group EM showed a signi cant increase in FOX concentration compared to group M. Regarding the ethanol ingested by the mother, even in situations of malnutrition, during gestation it is capable of meeting the maternal and fetal energy demand in the short term. erefore, it is in adulthood that there is greater produc tion of peroxide lipids.

The study evaluated the proximate composition of soybean (Glycine max), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and Prosopis (Pro sopis juliflora) pod meal-based bee diets. The three major ingredients were selected deliberately due to their availability and cost. Proximate analyses were conducted at Egerton University, Animal Nutrition laboratory. There were three experimen tal diets with three replicates each: T1 (soybean meal), T2 (chickpea), and T3 (ground Prosopis pods). Prosopis pods were harvested by plucking mature pods from the tree branches at the Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), ABIRI Centre (0°28'10.1"N, 35°58'59.79"E). They were dried and ground to pass through a 1mm screen. Proxi mate analyses were carried out following the AOAC guidelines. All variables were subjected to analysis of variance (ANO VA) in a completely randomized design (CRD) using the SAS 9.4 statistical package. The results indicated that there were significant differences at (p < 0.05) between the CP content of diets. Treatment (T1) (263.4 g/kg DM) and T2 (261.7 g/kg DM) had the highest CP, while T3 (250.6 g/kg DM) had the lowest compared to T1 and T2. Similar trends were observed in ash content, with T3 having the highest (39.1 g/kg DM), while T1 and T2 were not significantly different, with 36.5 g/kg DM and 34.4 g/kg DM, respectively. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in CF in all the treatments. There were significant differences in the fat content, with T1 having the highest, 73.4 g/kg DM, followed by T3 with 40.0 g/kg DM, while T2 had the lowest, with 31.2 g/kg DM

Phytochemicals are chemicals produced by plants. Starting earlier, human beings have been contingent on plant sources for their essential needs. The use of modern medicine is anteceded by medicinally active plants. Several biologically active plant products such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, terpenes, and their derivatives are some of the phytochemicals that have been figured out over the line of human evolution. Plants have the capability to synthesize a wide range of compounds. The largest groups of substances that are widely present in the plant kingdom are polyphenolics or flavonoid constituents; and before 2010 GC, more than 8000 different phytochemicals are known [1]

The review paper helpful for knowledge and current data biological evidence in forensic science is pivotal to maintaining the integrity of biological evidence and ensuring the reliability of forensic analyses. This encompasses a set of strategies aimed at preventing contamination during evidence collection, handling, and analysis. Key elements include the use of Per sonal Protective Equipment (PPE), such as gloves, masks, and protective clothing, to minimize direct contact and contami nation from the environment. Sterile tools and techniques are essential for collecting evidence, with measures taken to avoid cross-contamination by changing gloves and tools between samples and properly packaging evidence immediately after col lection. Environmental controls are also critical. Workspaces must be kept clean, and access to crime scenes and evidence storage areas should be strictly controlled. Airflow management, such as the use of laminar flow hoods, helps to reduce air borne contaminants.

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) is one of the harmful pollutants in ambient air and predominantly occurs in urban areas. Vehicular emission is one of the major sources of NO2 pollution in urban areas and can impact human health to a larger extent. This re view examines the temporal variations in NO₂ concentrations in Delhi's atmosphere from 2020 to 2023 and its implications for ambient air quality. Over the past few years, NO₂ levels in Delhi have shown significant fluctuations due to numerous factors including seasonal changes, traffic patterns, industrial activities, and the impacts of lockdown during COVID -19 pandemic. The analysis of air quality data reveals a correlation between increased NO₂ concentrations and the deterioration of air quality, leading to increasing health risks. This review underscores the need for continuous monitoring and more stringent regulatory measures to manage NO₂ emissions, aiming to improve air quality and mitigate the associated health impacts in Delhi

Recently the UK Infected Blood Inquiry (IBI) headed by Sir Brian Langstaff, a distinguished judge, completed his extensive six year investigation into the circumstances that unnecessarily caused many avoidable infections with the viruses HIV and HCV. Being involved myself with HIV/AIDS research since 1983, I was invited by the Inquiry to testify in 2018. I then wrote and pub lished in two papers what I told the Inquiry [1, 2].

Hookworm infection is a major public health concern and is the major cause of anemia in pregnant women. e aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of hookworm and anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Dabat Primary Hospital and Debark General Hospital, northern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional hospital-based study in volving 384 pregnant women was conducted from March to June 2023. Stool samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of hookworm infection using wet-mount and formol-ether sedimentation techniques. A blood sample was also col lected and analyzed for the hemoglobin (Hb) level of pregnant women. List of Abbreviations: ANC: Antenatal care; AOR: Adjusted odds ratio; CI: Con dence interval; COR: Crude odds ratio; IPI: Intestinal parasitic infection; SPSS: Statistical package for social science; STH: Soil transmitted helmenth e overall prevalence of hookworm infections was 21.4%, and the prevalence of anemia in this study was 17.7%. e mean Hb value was 14.2 ± 0.07 g/dl, with a range of 7.3–19.6 (Hb) levels. Of the anemic pregnant women, 82.3%, 67.6%, and 7.4% had mild, moderate, and severe anemia, re spectively. e result of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that residence, monthly income, gestation period, being unable to wear shoes, and soil eating habits were signi cant predictors of hookworm infection. In addition to this, monthly income, gestation period, and being unable to wear shoes were signi cant predictors of anemia in pregnant wom en in the study area. A relatively high prevalence of hookworm infections and anemia was observed among pregnant wom en. erefore, the study showed that it needs high work to increase the nutritional requirements of pregnant women since they increase during pregnancy and to help them wear shoes during pregnancy. An integrated hookworm prevention and control program should be designed as an important intervention program for women in general and pregnant women who participated in the study area.

This paper reports a case of a 10-year-old patient who had their upper right central incisor avulsed due to trauma while en gaging in a sporting activity. A er 72 hours, the patient sought medical attention, revealing the absence of the tooth in the socket, pain, and swelling. e chosen treatment was delayed dental replantation with stabilization in the socket using a ex ible splint. Following maintenance, endodontic treatment was performed, with intracanal medication change a er 15 days, followed by clinical and radiographic follow-up. e conducted treatment allowed the tooth to remain in the oral cavity for 60 months without infections, albeit in the presence of progressive resorptive processes. is case report suggests that de layed replantation of a permanent incisor a er avulsion can be a bene cial treatment option for pediatric patients, preserv ing stomatognathic functions and the patient's quality of life until the possibility of de nitive rehabilitation

Addiction is a very important issue to be researched in social sciences nowadays. Several studies have been done on the is sue but never modeled out properly to understand the drug culture (addiction) as a process. The study has been conducted to show the structural and functional manifestation which would simplify the understanding of addiction and an individu al’s entry to the drug culture and their location in the process. Furthermore, no study tried to locate drug abusers’ changing lifestyles, their engagements in different activities, social identity, and societal and institutional responses. Discussion on the 'Sociology of drug addiction’ will help to identify an individual's entry into the drug culture along with the current situation in the drug cultural process. The paper is done empirically to uncover the undermining issues relating to the behaviour and applied necessary methods to extract the data. The study concludes with two models: first one justifies the question that, why drug in-takers become obsessed with drug and indulge in drug consumption activity repeatedly with or without their choice due to the physical or mental dependency. The second model seeks to explain the shift of drug in-takers from layer to layer or one stage to another concerning their changing activities relating to the changing cultural identities and societal re sponse to the behaviour.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is known to fluctuate according to a circadian rhythm. While this phenomenon has been quite extensively studied and reported in a number of species, including mice, to date, there have been few studies on the circa dian effect upon total aqueous humor outflow facility (Ctot). In this study, we measured IOP in living anesthetized C57BL/6J mice every 3h over a 24h period, using a TonoLab impact tonometer. We also measured daytime (10:00 pm to 12:00 pm) and nighttime (02:00am to 04:00am) Ctot in anesthetized living mice using a constant flow infusion method. We report that over a 24h period, IOP is highest at midnight (18.34 ± 2.79 mmHg, mean ± St Dev mean) and lowest at midday (12.71 ± 1.42 mmHg), ΔIOP = 5.63 mmHg or 44.3% increase at night, P = 0.005. We also report that Ctot at nighttime (13.66 ± 1.12 nL/min/mmHg ± SEM) is lower than corresponding measurements made during the day time (24.58 ± 2.42 nL/min/mmHg ± SEM), ΔCtot = 10.92 nL/min/mmHg, or 44.4% reduction at night, P = 0.004. In living C57BL/6J mice, IOP and Ctot exhibit circadian variation and appear to be inversely related.

Policy makers and payers are expressing a growing interest in oral health value-based payment approaches to improve the oral health care of patients. Episode of care bundles have the potential to become an important value-based approach in oral health and are already a prominent value-based approach used in health care. In this study, we design two episode of care bundles for oral health preventive services and retrospectively analyze over 16,000 visits in a pediatric dentistry clinic in an urban city in Arizona to evaluate the extent of bundle compliance. Findings from the 16-month study (May 1, 2019 September 1, 2020) indicate that approximately 61% of the Comprehensive Examination Bundles were completed in a sin gle visit while approximately 44% of the Periodic Examination Bundles were completed in a single visit. An item analysis in dicated that radiographs were the most commonly absent bundle element for both bundles with fluoride application and prophylaxis the most commonly absent bundle elements in the Comprehensive Examination Bundle.

An essential component of forensic investigations is forensic anthropology. Forensic Anthropology deals with the study of skeletal remains. When it comes to determining the cause of death and traumatic injuries, forensic anthropology is quite helpful. The investigation of several techniques for identifying traumatic injuries like blunt force trauma, sharp force trauma and gunshot wounds is the major topic of this study. These traumatic injuries are examined using various techniques. This study focuses on the detection of traumatic injuries on skeletal remains by the using visual examination, x-rays analysis, ra diography, CT scans, and photography. Among all of these techniques, visual analysis is of great importance in forensic An thropology because it offers comprehensive data for the investigation of traumatic injuries

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common skin cancer and is usually found in sun-exposed areas. It generally has a favorable prognosis due to its slow growth and low metastatic potential. However, if left untreated, it can lead to the de struction of surrounding tissues. Herein, the case of a female in her 60s, with a giant BCC laying on the upper left gluteal skin. The tumor measures 12 centimeters in size, and has been neglected for over 15 years. We believe that our case is rare by its size and unusual location, as BCC only rarely occur in non-sun-exposed sites

Pilomatricoma is a benign tumor frequently found in the cervicofacial region of children or young adults. It typically mani fests as a subcutaneous nodule with a diameter not exceeding 3cm. In this article, we present a rare case of pilomatricoma with several unusual findings—a giant tumor measuring 11 cm in diameter—located on the trunk of a patient in his mid-40s. The combination of the patient's age, the tumor's location, and its size makes this case exceptional. Given the limit ed existing literature on such lesions, we believe it is crucial to shed light on atypical cases like ours

Ceftobiprole Medocaril is a fifth-generations cephalosporin indicated for the treatment of adult patients with Staphylococ cus aureus bacteremia (SAB), adult patients with bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSI), and adults and pedia tric patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). It provides a feasible and efficient alternative for em piric therapy

Background: Short-term outcomes of critically ill patients with hematological malignancies (HM) who developped acute kidney injury (AKI) is grim. Little is known about their long-term management. We aimed to assess the impact of the occur rence of AKI on long-term outcome and management in those patients

The Italian Penal Code, through Article 612 bis, regulates stalking by identifying it as a phenomenon wherein an individual repeatedly engages in harassing or oppressive behavior towards a victim. Today, little attention is paid to the crime of Judi cial Stalking, in which there is a reversal of roles. In such cases, the perpetrator, disguised as the victim, drags the actual vic tim into court, accusing them of various crimes with repeated unfounded compensation claims solely instrumentalized to cause psychological, reputational, and economic harm. These perpetrators are not necessarily diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder but possess personality structures characterized by strong manipulative traits and the use of primitive psychologi cal defenses

This review explores the crucial role of personalization and individualization in AI tools designed to educate autistic chil dren. Despite significant progress in AI applications in education, the existing landscape often fails to address the diverse needs of the autistic community. One significant gap in current research is the neglect of cultural and socioeconomic factors that influence learning experiences

The structure and thermal stability of Co-W alloys electrodeposited with direct and pulsed currents have been investigated by X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analyses. It has been established that amorphization of alloys is influenced by deposition modes and concentration of amorphizing component (sodium tungstate salts) (Na2 WO4) in the aqueous electrolyte solution. It is shown that with increasing tungsten content in the alloy or under more non-equilibrium conditions of electrodeposition the onset of crystallisation shifts to higher temperatures