Recent Articles

The effect of an adequate fluid consumption is well-known and its relevance for the maintenance and promotion of health cannot be denied. Previous work indicates that daily demands and work exposures, i.e. related to stress, may have an impact on drinking patterns. To date, only few studies have investigated workers’ and students’ fluid consumption and drinking patterns, as well as their impact on different outcomes. However, a review that combines previous findings and current knowledge about workers’ and students’ likely fluid consumption has not been published yet. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review on drinking patterns in the settings workplace and university.

In today’s print and electronic media, terms like ‘forced migration’ and ‘refugee’ are some of the most frequently used words. Globally there have been an outrageously large number of forced migrations, rendering hundreds of thousands of people homeless and stateless. Starting with the Syrian war in 2011 to the latest round of military atrocity in Myanmar in August 2017, millions of people have sought refuge in neighboring countries. The Rohingya is a group of refugees from Myanmar who have been residing in Bangladesh since the 1970s. At present, there is no published information on health and nutritional status of refugee children in Bangladesh. This study was conducted to assess nutritional status of the Rohingya children aged 6 months to 5 years old (n=114). Children were measured for weight and height while their guardians were interviewed. About 86% of the Rohingya children were underweight, 64.9% stunted, 82.1% thin and 1.8% at risk of overweight. Severe acute malnutrition (MUAC

Calf morbidity and mortality are important causes of economic losses on dairy farms worldwide. A cross-sectional study and clinical observation was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 with the objective of determining calf morbidity and mortality and to investigate the potential risk factors for mortality and morbidity in Sululta and its environs. A total of 312 respondents engaged in market oriented small holder dairying were interviewed using a structured questionnaire survey about their farm and calf management practices and major calf health problems encountered and diseases that causes mortality. The overall magnitude of morbidity and mortality of calves were 31.0% and 58.37%, respectively. The major calf diseases found were diarrhea (69.34%), pneumonia (16.54%), liver fluke (2.4%), bloat (2.0%), joint ill (2.4%) and other cases (8.04%). Risk factors such as weaning age, breed and awareness of colostrums, feeding of calf and overall farm management were included. In this study 80.3% of calf mortality occurs under age 3 month and 19.42% is above 3 month. Based on laboratory examination, Salmonella and E.coli were detected from diarrheic calves. Salmonella found at rate of 2/29 (3.6%) and E.coli found at only genus level. In conclusion, the magnitude of calf morbidity and mortality found in this study were much higher than economically tolerable level and could greatly affect the productivity of the dairy farms through mainly decreasing the availability of replacement stock and production of milk. It is therefore, suggested that implementation of improved calf and farm management practices and proper environmental protection in the study areas would significantly reduce calf mortality and morbidity.

Different tick species and tick-borne diseases of cattle are present in Ethiopia and they induce huge production loss in livestock industry by creating serious animal health problems. The present study was conducted from November 2017 to April 2018 in Arsi Negele and Asasa districts of West Arsi Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. A cross sectional study design and purposive sampling technique were employed to select 384 study animals so as to identify ticks species and tick-haemoparasite species and also to identify risk factors that affect the prevalence and association of tick born diseases. Tick and haemoparasite identification were carried out by using drect stereomicroscopic and direct thin blood examination. The study identified two tick genera and four tick species. The tick species encountered were Rhipicephalus decoloratus (51.6%) Ambylomma variegatum (46.1%) Ambylomma gemma (20.1%) and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (1.2%). Out of all 384 cattle examined for the presence of tick-born haemoparasites 11.4% (n=44) of them were positive. From this 6.2%, 3.6 %, 1.3% and 0.8% of them were positive for Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale, respectively. Two cattle (0.5%) were found positive for both Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina. The highest prevalence of total tick born haemoparasites (57.1%) was occurred in A. Variegatum, A. gemma and R. decoloratus mixed infestations. In conclusion ticks and tick born haemoparasitic infections were common problems in the study area. Thus, awareness creation for farmers about the impacts of ticks and tick born diseases on livestock production and productivity and also applying appropriate and timely strategic tick control methods by veterinary service providers were advisable.

Two hundred Archachatina marginata snails, one hundred each of A. marginata var. saturalis and A. marginata var. ovum with weights ranging from 33.10 – 349.00 g and 127.60 – 443.40 g, respectively sorted out of a base population were used for this study. Phenotypic traits measured on each of these snail varieties/strains included shell length, shell width, aperture length, aperture width, spiral length, spiral width, diagonal length, length between aperture and first spiral, number of whorls and body weight. Data collected were used to estimate phenotypic correlations between pairs of traits and to predict the relationship between body weight and other dimensional shell measurements (DSM). Results of phenotypic correlations between body weight and the DSM and between the DSM of the two A. marginata varieties showed that all the pairs of phenotypic traits investigated on A. marginata var. ovum expressed positive correlation values, while the pairs investigated on A. marginata var. saturalis showed both positive and negative correlation values. The regression estimates of parameters and coefficients of determination for the simple linear function of A. marginata var. ovum snails showed slightly high and very strong interrelationship between body weight and one phenotypic trait, while the multiple linear function for predicting body weight using four phenotypic traits showed highly significant and very strong interrelationship. In A. maginata var. saturalis snails, both the simple and multiple linear regression equations showed highly significant and very strong interrelationships between body weight and shell parameters. The range values of coefficient of determination showed that 78 to 100% of the variability in both snail strains body weights can be explained by changes in the considered dimensional shell parameters. Also, the linear functions with four and two parameters/traits best predicted the live weights of A. marginata var. saturalis and A. marginata var. ovum snails, respectively. Prediction results showed that explainable traits best predicted live weight when more than one phenotypic/shell trait were fitted into the regression functions.

Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital disorder in newborns represents a major cause of perinatal death. The prevalence of these malformations is still unrecognized in Tunisia because of the lack of a national register. The aim of this study was describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the heart diseases with neonatal diagnosis in Tunisia.

We aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding food additives among medical and engineering students.This cross-sectional descriptive study included students from Inonu University Medicine and Engineering Faculty. The sample size was calculated considering the prevalence rate of food additive knowledge as 22.3%, with a 95% confidence interval, 80% power and 918 individuals. A questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic characteristics of the students and their knowledge regarding food additives. Scores for knowledge regarding food additives were created; eight questions were posed to the students, and each known correct answer was given a score of 1. Pearson’s chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for data analysis.Mean age of the students was 21.74 ± 2.56 years, and 51.7% of them were males. Knowledge level regarding the definition of food additives was not different between genders (p > 0.05). Medical students had significantly higher knowledge levels (92.2%) about the definition of food additives compared to those of engineering students (80.4%) (p < 0.05). More males (52.8%) than females (49.3%) and more medical students (51.6%) than engineering students (50.7%) stated a significantly higher rate of daily consumption of processed foods containing additives (p < 0.05). The median scores of knowledge regarding food additives were not significantly different between gender and faculty (p > 0.05).The present study demonstrated that the rate of the participants who knew the definition of food additives as well as those who perceived food additives to be unsafe were high. Although the knowledge levels on FAs of the students were high in general, it was observed that the frequency of food consumed daily was high This suggests that further research and effective interventions are required to ensure that knowledge turns into behaviour.

Gonad removal has been implicated as a risk factor for the development of canine hemangiosarcoma. With gonad removal, there is a loss of negative feedback to the anterior pituitary, resulting in persistently elevated concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH). LH receptors can be found in gonadal and extragonadal tissues, including the bladder and skin. The aim of this study was to investigate if LH receptors were expressed in canine splenic hemangiosarcoma. Splenic tumor samples submitted to the Oregon State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory from referring veterinarians were with routine immunohistochemical methods. In addition, survival time following hemangiosarcoma diagnosis was obtained from the referring veterinarians. Five of the eight splenic hemangiosarcomas (62.5 %) were positive for LH receptor expression. LH receptor cellular localization in splenic hemangiosarcoma was cytoplasmic and granular, similar to the positive control canine skin sections (Figure 1C). There was no positive staining in the negative controls. LH receptor is expressed in a proportion of HSAs but further study need to be done to assess the significance of this finding.

Ectopic liver tissue is an uncommon finding and may be found in multiple abdominal sites, most commonly on the gall bladder. It is usually asymptomatic and is discovered incidentally during cholecystectomy, but there are potential complications. We present a case of an ectopic liver seen on the gallbladder serosa during laparoscopic cholecystectomy being performed for symptomatic cholelithiasis, and briefly review the literature.

We report a unique case of a male recipient who received a zero mismatch kidney with mild anatomical anomalies from his sister. This right kidney was malrotated, had an extra renal pelvis with moderately dilated ureter up to the iliac artery bifurcation. Immediate graft function was achieved on reperfusion, and the recipient was discharged on day 7 with a serum creatinine (SC) of 1.8mg/dl. The DJ stent was removed after 6 weeks, with a rapid increase in SC to 3.5mg/dl, and ultrasound showed mild hydronephrosis with delayed excretion on nuclear imaging. Mechanical obstruction was excluded by retrograde pyelography, and a 5F DJ stent was placed across the ureterovesical anastomosis with an immediate decrease in SC. The case is presented in detail and discussed in the light of the current literature.

This case report presents an unusual variant of generalized aggressive periodontitis that was managed by nonsurgical therapy which included the use of a novel tooth gel. Also, a brief review of the literature is offered as context for this unusual clinical case. The patient, a 40-year old Caucasian female, presented with advanced bone loss involving all teeth, intense inflammation of the attached gingiva and little obvious supra- or subgingival biofilm and dental calculus. Presence of systemic disease, high levels of periodontal microbial pathogens and IL-1α and IL-1β polymorphisms were evaluated and all determined to be negative. Gingival biopsy resulted in a diagnosis of nonspecific inflammation. Treatment consisted of 2- and 3-month intervals for periodontal maintenance appointments and eventually the introduction of an activated edathamil-based tooth gel. Over the subsequent 4-years the patient’s periodontal status stabilized as manifested by no further loss of tooth supporting bone, a reduction in the percentage of periodontal pockets of 4-6 mm depth and a reduction in the percentage of sites exhibiting bleeding upon periodontal probing. The significance of this case report is to emphasize that, even in cases of severe generalized aggressive periodontitis, nonsurgical periodontal therapy can be effective. In addition, it appears that a novel tooth gel containing activated edathamil is effective at reducing gingival inflammation with a concomitant reduction in percent of sites that bleed on periodontal probing.

This paper explores the emerging role of the private sector and public-private partnerships for e-waste management in the developing world. We use a combination of two conceptual frameworks, the triple bottom line approach and the sustainable livelihoods approach, to analyze the case study of the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) programme in Nigeria, which was launched in 2016. The sustainable livelihoods approach has been adopted in international development for over two decades, but so far it has not been applied for inclusion of informal sector workers in e-waste. Our findings illustrate how the financial and environmental bottom lines have already received considerable attention during the development of the Nigerian EPR programme, but that the social elements, in particular informal sector inclusion, have received less attention. Consequently, based on proven practices of the sustainable livelihoods approach, this paper identifies opportunities and provides recommendations as to how the international and national private sector players and government agencies involved in Nigeria’s e-waste EPR programme can establish a social engagement model to support inclusion of the informal sector. This model would not only help meet the financial and environmental bottom lines, but also address the social bottom line to improve livelihood outcomes for informal e-waste recyclers.

Identity formation comes in various definitions within psychology, neurobiology and spiritual worlds, but universally, it may be agreed that identity is a part of having a sense of self-awareness about who we are as individuals.

To describe clinical profile of muscular dystrophies in Burkina Faso, we retrospectively reviewed 17 patients who had clinical phenotypes of Muscular Dystrophy between 2004 and 2004 in the neurology Department of Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou.

The increase in the population of the planet and the rapid economic growth and, consequently, the high consumption of energy has created many environmental problems. Due to these reasons and the lack of renewability of these fossil fuels, there has been a steep trend towards the production of renewable fuels, one of which is the production of energy from biomass. In this study, biofuel production from biomass has been investigated using the pyrolysis method, a method that reduces the production of oil from millions of years to a few seconds, and is the most industrialized thermochemical method for producing fuel from biomass. This research focuses on thermochemical processes, pyrolysis principles, specifications, chemical composition and applications of biofuels, and the devices and equipment needed for it. This research is the A new approach for research and study on bio-refineries in the future.

Overweight and obesity are emerging public health challenges in low-to-middle-income countries. Factors such as urbanization, physical inactivity, changing diets, and harmful consumption of alcohol contribute to this global growth in overweight and obesity, particularly in African countries. This study aimed to identify factors most predictive of overweight and obesity in adult women in Kenya.

The objective of this review is to describe results of epidemiological and economic studies carried out in Brazil that can assist in the decision making process at the region, herd and individual levels for the prevention and control of bovine mastitis. At regional and herd-levels, we present data from a time series analysis comparing somatic cell counts in herds located in Brazil and in the United States (US), an estimation of the prevalence of contagious mastitis pathogens in a specific population of herds located at the state of Minas Gerais, and finally we report the identification of risk factors for new and chronic intramammary infections within herds located at the state of Santa Catarina. The outcomes of epidemiological studies that support the decision making process at herd- and individual-level are related to the decrease in prevalence of contagious mastitis pathogens in the herd as well as the estimate of the economic impact of mastitis occurrence.

Arterio-venous malformation (AVM) accounts for 1.5% of extra cranial hemangiomas and vascular malformations, and is often found in the head, face and limbs. It is the most dangerous type of vascular malformations and is the most difficult to cure

We live in an individualistic age. People can follow who they like on social media, read news that aligns with their preconceived notions of right and wrong, and generally avoid critical engagement with ideas they disagree with or situations that make them uncomfortable. This modern phenomenon has led to quick judgement and rapid recoil when others share ideas or information that challenges the inertia of their beliefs and choices. In a post-expertise culture [1], people simply don’t want to be told what to do. This is a problem for the profession of dentistry, where the prevailing paternalistic norms for the better part of the past 150 years have focused on the dentist as the unilateral authority, with the primary responsibility of promoting oral health through “education” or “counseling” – polite euphemisms for telling people what to do. Despite our growing body of scientific evidence showing we can keep people and their teeth healthy, we have become collectively exasperated that this evidence-based information isn’t enough to change the behaviors necessary to prevent disease. As healthcare providers, we wonder why people have stopped listening (if they ever really did). But stepping back, we only need to think for a minute about our current cultural milieu, where the curation of consensus leaves us unfollowed, and worse, blocked.

The variability of morphological markers of the reproductive organs in seven natural populations and nine artificial plantations of the Scots pine of Ukrainian Polissya (Volyn, Rivne and Kyiv regions) was studied. The colour of cones, seeds, winged seeds, and the apophysis of the cones of the trees were used as morphological markers.