Recent Articles

The emergency committee said the spread of COVID-19 can be halted through early detection, isolation, prompt treatment and implementation of a robust contact traceability system.

There are no guidelines for pharmacological treatment of COVID-19 disease, but several drugs are being tested every day in search of an optimal therapeutic strategy. The drugs that have been tested, so far, include some antiviral drugs such as danoprevir, favipiravir, darunavir, nelfinavir, remdesivir, umifenovir and the combination lopinavir/ritonavir. Others are drugs targeting inflammatory mediators such as meplazumab, siltuximab, tocilizumab, azithromycin and corticosteroids. Also included in this array of tested drugs are those with pleiotropic actions against SARS-CoV-2 infection like chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin and nitazoxanide, postulated as inhibitors of several phases of virus life cycle. Upon diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is pertinent to embark on a treatment approach based on potential antiviral options, adequately managed under proper medical situation. We suggest that, in addition to the antiviral option efforts, drugs targeting inflammatory mediators should be considered.

Background: exposure to Pesticides may lead to high risk of toxicity, in which these chemical compounds can affect blood component causing chronic diseases and inflammations. Design: This descriptive case control study was conducted in Khartoum state from November to December 2021. Objectives: The goal is to measure the effect of pesticides on blood parameters among exposures compared to healthy individuals using the analysis of complete blood count. And to correlate between duration of work according to age and gender. Materials and Methods: 3 ml of intravenous blood samples were collected from 500 participants, 400 samples from men and 100 samples from women aged between 20-65 years, majority were dealers and the rest of them were working at farms and the structural questionnaire was used. Results: The results of these study show marked increase in red blood cells and absolute lymphocytes count accompanied by decreased in platelets count, platelets distribution width, mean platelets volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and red cells distribution width upon exposures to pesticides for long time. Conclusion: this study concluded that there is decrease in PLTs count, PDW, MPV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, and an increase in RBCs count and absolute lymphocytes count among pesticides exposures.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy maybe defined as the presence and characteristic evolution of typical retinal micro-vascular lesions to an patient with diabetes. DR usually manifests as a gradual, painless progression of vision loss; however, visual loss may occur with vitreous hemorrhage or macular edema. Aims: To ascertain the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) based on the duration of the diabetes mellitus (DM) and to compare it with data from relevant literature and other referent clinics. This exploratory research was conducted to evaluate the clinical experience of DR, its impact of the other disease and health related quality of life. Material and methods: In this study are included the patients with diabetes mellitus type I insulin dependent (DMID) and diabetes mellitus type II non-insulin dependent (DMNID). The duration of diabetes in the examined patients varied from 5 till 30 years. We have applied examination by ophthalmoscope, slit lamp bio-microscopy with Volk and Goldman lens, optical coherence tomography - OCT as well as fluorescent angiography - FAG. Have been included for focus groups (n = 450) the treated patients with DR, from December 2016 - 2020. Results: Participants described a range of evaluate symptoms and clinical impact. In suffering for a period of 5 years, the prevalence of DR is 12.5%. In diabetic patients suffering over 30 years, the prevalence of DR is over 90.5 %. After the test of PDR impact the comlications results by the X2 -test, the difference was found to be statistically significant for p

The choice of induction immunosuppression can affect several outcomes after kidney transplant (KTx). We aimed to evaluate infectious and malignant complications between alemtuzumab and basiliximab in elderly KTx recipients. Patients ≥ 65 years old who received alemtuzumab or basiliximab induction for their primary KTx from 2006 – 2018 were included.

Obesity is a pandemic, chronic and relapsing disease with several treatment options. The aim of this work was to investigate the level of awareness that people with obesity (PwO) have of their own condition and the level of knowledge regarding possible treatments available. To compare and contrast collected data on PwO with data obtained from general practitioners (GPs)

Lower urinary tract injury in hysterectomy is rare, but once it occurs, the consequence can be deteriorating. We experienced late onset urinary tract injury that developed as late as 15 days after laparoscopic hysterectomy. The objective of this case report is to alert all gynecological laparoscopists that such late onset complication may happen to any of patients.

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has affected the whole world causing the lives of many victims. Africa has recorded more than a million cases and Cameroon around 18,600 cases (August 2020) since the first case was notified. The rapid spread of this disease, (among other factors), could have contributed to create a situation of fear and stigma among affected populations. It is, therefore, necessary to identify the characteristics of this stigma and its effect on the case management of this disease.

A Caucasian male with prostate cancer under androgen deprivation therapy after radiotherapy for a locally advanced lesion. Positron emission tomography/Computed Tomography revealed an adrenal lesion. The mass was removed, and histopathological examination showed adenocarcinoma of prostatic origin. Prostate-specific antigen decreased dramatically after adrenalectomy

Dasatinib is an orally bioavailable second generation TKI, more potent than imatinib. Bone marrow aplasia or hypoplasia secondary to TKI therapy is an uncommon adverse event. We report here the first case of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase shortly treated with dasatinib that developed a prolonged bone marrow hypoplasia with concomitant response on the hematological disease with gradual improvement of the cytogenetic and molecular response after dasatinib discontinuation, without use of any other TKI therapy.

Driving pattern of the given vehicle in a city is represented by the driving cycle which is used by modal models for estimation of vehicular emissions. In this study, a driving cycle was developed for passenger cars in the city of Islamabad. A representative route for city was identified which included parts of highway, arteries, and streets. Speed-time data was collected along the selected route in both peak and off-peak hours. The on-board measurement method was adopted for data collection on highways, whereas on arteritis and streets, chase car method has opted for data collection. The developed cycle showed comparable values of average speed and acceleration with New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), but acceleration and deceleration were observed to be lower. The emission estimation and fuel consumption were calculated by the Comprehensive Modal Emission Model (CMEM) for 4 selected vehicle types. The average emissions for the selected vehicles were 204.4 g CO2/km, 2.3 g CO /km, 0.09 g HCs /km, 0.31 g NOx /km emitted, and 65.7 g of fuel consumed /km. The developed cycle showed higher fuel consumption and CO2 emissions /km traveled than NEDC for all 4 passenger car types. However, HCs, CO, and NOx emissions were lower. The developed driving cycle can be used for estimation of the emissions from passenger cars in the city and this information can be useful for future emission projections and policy making.

The emissions trading system is an important tool to combat climate change, which uses the “cap and trade” principle to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This paper first adopts production technology considering carbon emission permit trading and proposes a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to evaluate carbon emission efficiency of Chinese fire power industry from 2013 to 2017. Further, a new zero sum gains DEA（ZSG-DEA）considering carbon emission permit trading model is proposed based on efficiency principle to adjust the initial allocation of carbon emission permits (considering fairness principle) among regional fire power industries in 2030. The new approach enables us to investigate the carbon emission efficiency and emission permit allocation problem from an emission permit trading perspective. Theoretical analysis show that organizations have higher potential in reducing carbon emissions and greater potential in improving inputs and outputs after introducing emitting permit trading. Empirical results show that the southeastern fire power industries have higher carbon emission efficiencies and permitted emission levels. Under the background of carbon emission permit trading, the allocation level of carbon emissions permit in inefficient areas is limited and given greater responsibility for reducing emissions considering fairness and efficiency principles. This could promote active carbon emissions reduction in various regions so as to realize China’s carbon emissions [1] reduction targets in a faster pace.

Formaldehyde (HCHO) pollution was eliminated by catalyst effectively. The CexZr1-xOy catalyst was prepared by coprecipitate method, and its performance of HCHO removal was investigated. The results showed that the HCHO removal rate decreased from 100% to 60.88% when the reaction time was from 24h to 48h.In order to study the deactivation mechanism of the CexZr1-xOy catalyst,N2 adsorption and desorption, SEM, EDS, FT-IR, XRD and XPS were used to characterize CexZr1-xOy after different reaction times. Characterization results showed that the pore structure of CexZr1-xOy did not change significantly with the extension of reaction time, and C6H9CeO6 and Ce(CO3)2 increased gradually, while the active component Ce4+ decreased sharply. Therefore, the production and deposition of products are the main reasons for the deactivation of the CexZr1-xOy catalyst. The catalytic performance of regenerated CexZr1-xOy catalyst was tested for 24h, and the results showed that it almost recovered to fresh CexZr1-xOy catalyst. This provides a reference for the preparation of efficient catalyst for formaldehyde removal.

Systematic literature review was conducted. Criteria included seizures, status epilepticus, and/or CMA developing prior to or during hospitalization, with concomitant COVID-19. COVID-19 severity was dichotomized into mild and severe cases, based on severity of respiratory symptoms. Good outcome was defined as discharge without severe deficits and/or return to near baseline.

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a rarely seen benign lesion at soft oral tissue. In this report, the patient had a history of central giant cell granuloma at the left mandibular posterior region. The lesion was excised two years ago. Patient was consulted to our hospital for soft tissue growth at right maxillary anterior region. Excisional biopsy was planned and the lesion was examined histopathologically. Giant cell reparative granuloma was described and routine examination was advised to the patient

Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency-4 (CoQ10D4) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by childhood-onset of cerebellar ataxia and exercise intolerance. Molecular pathology responsible for clinical findings is mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction. The main clinical manifestation involves early-onset exercise intolerance, progressive cerebellar ataxia and movement disorders. Some affected individuals develop seizures and have mild mental impairment, indicating variable severity.

Despite extensive research, the incidence of diabetes continues to increase, and the management of diabetes needs improvement, because in 2016, more than 100,000 patients had lower extremity amputated, suffered ischemic heart disease and stroke. Analysis of investigations indicates that increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation enhance the risk, progression, diabetic–related complications, and reduce effectiveness of drug therapy. Therefore, simultaneously attenuation of these cellular abnormalities may help in reducing the risk of development, progression, and prolonging the effectiveness of drug therapy.

HIV-1 infection treatment has greatly improved with the availability of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Unlike Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Tenofovir Alafenamide has a more favourable renal profile, even if proximal tubulopathy and electrolyte disturbances have been reported. As earlier as 4000 years ago, liquorice root was used for some medical treatments. Excessive liquorice intake is described to cause a state of mineralocorticoid excess. However, liquorice-induced hypokalaemia usually occurs with mild clinical manifestations and a severe presentation is rare.

The ABO blood group typing is the primary serological technique to be performed after collecting the blood sample from the crime scene. Cases like murder, rape, hit and run has the crime scene where we can easily find blood stains. But in some cases criminals remove those stains in order to conceal the evidence.