Articles Related to Cancer Therapy
Mechanisms of Resistance to Kinase Inhibitors and Strategies to Prevent the Development of Drug Resistance
Targeting mutant proteins and associated signaling pathways of driver oncogenes by small molecule kinase inhibitors (KIs) are a
promising strategy of cancer therapy. However, despite the initial success of treatment, KIs often become ineffective as intrinsic and
acquired resistance. This article reviews the English-language literature to explore the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance and
to present a challenge for developing drugs to overcome resistance. Mechanisms of acquired resistance include 1) the selection of
pre-existing subclones with other mutations, 2) the emergence of secondary mutations in the target kinase domain, 3) upregulation
of kinases both within the same kinase family and their related kinase families, as well as activation of alternative bypass pathways, 4)
epithelial-mesenchymal transition, 5) overexpression of pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins and 6) drug efflux mechanisms. Currently
available methods are to obtain tumor biopsy samples at recurrence or progression if the tumor lesion is accessible to a biopsy and to
use the second- and third-generation KIs based on the individual need of each patient. Furthermore, recent computational challenges
provide design principles to prevent the development of drug resistance. In conclusion, we provide an overview of the postulated
resistance mechanisms and highlight the future direction of computational structure-based design of new potent KIs.
Perspectives and Potential Applications of Ruthenium-Based Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy
Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease characterised by continuous uncontrolled growth and expansion of abnormal cells. In general, in tumor cells the signalling pathways regulating cellular processes, as cell growth and division and cell to cellcommunication result strongly altered.
Editorial Board Members Related to Cancer Therapy
Huafeng Zhang
Professor
School of Life Science
University of Science & Technology of China
China
School of Life Science
University of Science & Technology of China
China
WEN ZHOU
Associate Faculty
Women's Health Faculty
Columbia University
United States
Women's Health Faculty
Columbia University
United States
Yan-Hua Chen
Associate Professor
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
Brody School of Medicine
East Carolina University
United States
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
Brody School of Medicine
East Carolina University
United States
GIRJA SHANKER SHUKLA
Associate Professor
Department of Surgery
University of Vermont College of Medicine
United States
Department of Surgery
University of Vermont College of Medicine
United States
Yun Dai
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine
Virginia Commonwealth University
United States
Department of Medicine
Virginia Commonwealth University
United States
Jinlian Hua
Professor
Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology
Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology of Agriculture Ministry
Northwest A&F University
China
Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology
Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology of Agriculture Ministry
Northwest A&F University
China
Ming Tan
Associate Professor
Mitchell Cancer Institute
United States
Mitchell Cancer Institute
United States
Arvind Chhabra
Assistant Professor
Department Of Medicine
University of Connecticut Health Center
United States
Department Of Medicine
University of Connecticut Health Center
United States
BRUCE D CHESON
Professor of Medicine
Division of Hematology and Oncology
Georgetown University Hospital
United States
Division of Hematology and Oncology
Georgetown University Hospital
United States
Tao Liu
Children's Cancer Institute
University of New South Wales
Australia
University of New South Wales
Australia