Articles Related to Pollution

In Ghana, where pristine waters once flowed freely, a dark tide of transboundary pollution casts a shadow. Illegal mining, a hydra-headed monster, spews its venom into rivers and streams, poisoning ecosystems and threatening communities across borders. This qualitative study, based on a meticulous analysis of 45 key papers, dives deep into the causes and consequences of this environmental scourge.

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The results obtained from heavy metal pollution assessment of River Ureje using Heavy Pollution Index (HPI) and Contamination Index (Cd ). HPI values at upstream and downstream point of the river, Cd, Pb, Cr had high pollution load that exceeded threshold value of 100 while Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni had low pollution index which are below threshold value. This indicated that high pollution status of Cd, Pb, Cr were observed because they compete with other essential metallic cations for binding sites and inhibits enzyme activity while there is no pollution presence of Zn, Mn, Ni, Cu. Cd value results in both upstream and downstream point revealed that Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb had a low contamination index below <1 contamination value and tends to show no effect on aquatic environment and drinking water quality. However, Cr, Ni had medium contamination compared to (Cd=1-3) Cd value, this indicates slight contamination of these heavy metals and have slight effect on drinking water quality and aquatic life present while Manganese had high Cd value compared to (Cd>3) Cd value which to tends have high effect on drinking water quality and aquatic system. In conclusions, this study revealed that High level of HPI above critical index value was observed for Cd, Cr, Pb while Mn shows high Cd far above contamination index value.

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Marine organisms, scientists, governmental and non-governmental organizations face a significant challenge as a result of the ubiquitousness of plastic and microplastics in the aquatic environment, particularly in Nigeria where there is little or no policy put in place to address the issue of microplastic pollution. Nigeria ranks ninth globally in terms of its contribution to ocean plastic pollution and currently does not have a federal ban on the majority of single-use plastics and equipment. This paper aimed to present the status of plastic pollution in Nigeria and some policies to curb the menace. Data analysis reveals that Bayesa, Katsina, Lagos, and Oyo are the four states that generate the majority of the plastic waste in Nigeria. The number of industries, markets, and urbanization in a location affect the quantity of plastic waste that is produced there and is not dependent on the population. This paper makes some policy suggestions and recommendations such as the federal prohibition and taxation on the use of plastic, ocean clean-up, technological innovation that will support the recycling industry in Nigeria, and the need for additional plastic research. Nigeria can apply the most recent plastic waste management strategies in European and Asian nations as a model and adopt them to reduce marine plastic pollution.

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Due to the ever-increasing importance of studying pollution effects on environment and population, the development of methodologies for the evaluation of atmospheric pollutants has allowed great advances concerning air quality monitoring. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matters (PM2.5) have as major sources vehicle engine exhausts and industrial processes. In the municipality of Pelotas, the economical and industrial growth allied to the expansion of the local vehicle fleet have brought several impacts on human health and environment. For this region, there are few studies concerning air pollution monitoring and dispersion. Data were collected seasonally (summer, autumn, winter and spring) in eight points (Porto, Areal, Centro, Fragata, Simões Lopes, Três Vendas, Laranjal,and Capão do Leão) over the city area, aiming to have a picture of the city as a whole. Annual mean ± standard deviation of the PM2.5 measurements are: Porto 48.95±6.28, Areal 3.29±4.56, Centro 39.56±7.05, Fragata 30.28±3.59,Simões Lopes9.5±.9, Três Vendas 3.4±3.80, Laranjal 29.79±2.34, Capão do Leão 24.25±3.2 and annual mean ±standard deviation for NO2 were: Porto 9.06±.5, Areal 0.49±0.94, Centro 4.3±0.89, Fragata 2.44±0.56, Trem 7.20±0.99, Três Vendas 2.94±.22, Laranjal 8.83±.97, Capão do Leão 6.77±0.76. We conclude that there are significant differences in different places of the city, mainly due to traffic and human activities characteristics of each point. On the other hand, meteorological factors act similarly in all sites concerning the pollution dispersion.

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This study reports the adsorption capacity of copper Cu (II) and nickel Ni (II) of biochar obtained from peanut shell. The kinetics and equilibrium of biosorption were examined in detail. Two kinetic models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order) were used to correlate the experimental data and to determine the kinetic parameters. Two well-known adsorption isotherms were chosen to describe the biosorption equilibrium (Langmuir and Freundlich). The equilibrium isotherms showed that modified peanut shells possess high affinity, sorption capacity for Cu (II) and Ni (II) ions, sorption capacities of 37.443 mg/g Cu (II) and 28.626 mg/g Ni (II) biomass, respectively. All results showed that peanut shells biomass is an attractive, alternative low-cost bio sorbent for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous media, therefore biomass materials find good application prospects.

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Many students suffer from the sound of air conditioners and others suffer from light intensity in classroom. The air conditioners and light intensity affect the efficiency and quality of education. Urduino is used a lot in industrial areas because there is a lot of noise pollution. Additionally, it can be used in high traffic regions as well as to monitor noise in different parts of the city. It can also be used in education systems to monitor the noise in classrooms. The purpose of this study was to monitor the noise in classrooms by Arduino Nano that interfaced with a Sound Sensor. A study was conducted to determine the ambient sound and light intensity of a convenience sample at school during September, October and November 2021. Six classrooms’ samples corresponding to hourly fractions of the average sample broken down into the following periods: from 10:00 am to 2:50 pm. Sound levels were measured to assess acoustic conditions. Light levels were measured to assess light conditions. Each classroom from 1 to 6 was tested the ambient sound intensity and light using an Arduino. Noise varies with time and place. The sound level varies between 27.5 dB and 65 dB with the average sound level in the classrooms was 43.53 dB greater than recommended sound level limit of 35 dB. The light intensity varies between 62.50 lux and 208.5 lux. The average light levels around the recommended 300 lux. Everyone emphasized the quality of using the device to measure the noise level in the classroom. The use of the device leads to monitor the noise of the air conditioner or replacing it. The device has the potential to significantly change the noise pollution monitoring system at school. Researchers recommend all students and authorities the importance of the Arduino.

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Non-exhaust road transport emissions, particularly tyre-pavement abrasion, contribute to poor air quality. This original work is on particle emissions caused by tyre-pavement abrasion in real driving conditions in urban, suburban and motorway areas. The collected data were analyzed according to the size, the number and chemical identification. Multivariate analysis provided clusters of size and chemical elements. Results showed the predominant particles (diameter φ < 1 μm and φ ε]1-2 μm]) for urban and suburban experiments, and ]1- 3 μm] on motorways. A confirmed shift phenomenon at the close-to-the-source showed particles of large sizes [5- 10 μm]. The obtained clusters were: 1. Aluminosilicate, iron compounds, silicate free of aluminum (70%). 2. Ferrosilicon, silica, compounds of calcium, manganese, iron oxide, compounds of aluminum, sulfur, copper and zinc (29%). 3. A mix of various traces (1%). This paper will contribute to the development of new green technologies dedicated to improving sustainable road transport.

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There is a proliferation of particulate matter in the atmosphere within and around the cities because of increased industrial activities. It is thus hypothesized that increase in human activities lead to increase in pollutants concentration inside (n=80 houses sampled) and outside residential areas. Thus, to investigate the air quality at different residential areas within indoor and outdoor environment air samples were collected using Particle Counter (Model: HHPC MET), and Gas Monitor (Aeroqual series 500) to determine particulate matters (i.e., PM10, and PM2,5), volatile organic carbon (VOC) and total solid particle (TSP).

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The industrialization, urbanization and economic growth have placed a much higher demand of clean water and energy worldwide. The human activities have constantly been contaminating the reservoirs of fresh water which as a result, has triggered a global challenge to keep up the demand and supply of the fresh water for an optimal human survival. Wastewater effluents generated through commercial and industrial activities have been released to the freshwater resources either directly or indirectly

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This paper aims to assess the effects of industrial pollution on infant mortality between the years 1850-1940 using full count decennial censuses. In this period, US economy experienced a tremendous rise in industrial activity with significant variation among different counties in absorbing manufacturing industries, which is used as a proxy for variation in space-time industrial pollution.

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The air pollution’s situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) can be simply described as ‘catastrophic.’

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Pollution, being a social and environmental problem, has been a subject of inquiry by environmental economists. Environmental economists see pollution as an externality problem or a market failure, and have therefore investigated factors affecting pollution and its control.

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We found and recommended a method for rapid and effective sterilization by using concentrated sulfuric acid in cell culture.

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