Articles Related to United Kingdom

Gigantomastia is a rare condition which remains poorly understood. There is no universally accepted definition, however breast weight exceeding 3% of total body weight has been proposed. Juvenile gigantomastia, a subtype, involves sudden onset, excessive growth of breast tissue in relation to puberty and can occur before or after the onset of menstruation. This paper reports on the first known case of juvenile gigantomastia seen in the United Kingdom. A 16-year old female presented with a 12-month history of rapid breast growth. She had no other medical problems and no relevant family history. Examination revealed bilaterally enlarged breasts extending to the level of the anterior superior iliac spine, with enlarged superficial veins, ill-defined areola and areas of skin ulceration. A range of hormone and autoimmune tests were performed with all results found to be normal. After MDT discussion, the treatment of choice was reduction mammoplasty with an inferior pedicle technique and free nipple grafting if necessary. The total volume of tissue removed weighed 10.9 kg; 6.6 kg from the right breast, 4.3 kg from the left breast. Initial post-operative results demonstrate a highly satisfactory reduction with minimal scarring and no further growth of breast tissue. Histology showed a benign pattern secondary to extensive proliferation of glandular and stromal tissue. The tissue tested positive for both oestrogen and progesterone receptors and so the decision was made to treat the patient with tamoxifen until the age of 21 years in order to prevent recurrence. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of juvenile gigantomastia in the UK.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) is used globally to identify and describe impairments in motor development in children; however, norms for Surinamese children are lacking. We thus conducted a cross-cultural comparison for Surinamese children 5 years–5 years and 6 months using the Dutch/Flemish (NL) and United Kingdom (UK) norms of the MABC, second edition (MABC-2).

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) infection causes wasting and fatal animal trypanosomosis. This study was aimed at determining the gross and histopathological alterations in donkeys experimentally infected with T. evansi and the effect of isometamidium chloride treatment. Apparently healthy donkeys (N=18) of mixed sexes were randomly assigned to 3 groups; A1 (Infected-untreated), A2 (Infected, isometamidium-treated) and B (Uninfected, control) of six animals each. Each animal in infected groups had about 2.0x106 T. evansi injected through the jugular vein. Parasitaemia levels were evaluated using HCT and Mice Inoculation Test (support test). Gross and histopathological examinations were also conducted post-infection and post-treatment.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Abdominal radiographs are routinely used in the acute care setting as they can be performed relatively quickly and can help guide patient management by providing important clinical information. The quality of the radiograph itself has a significant impact on how useful it is for diagnosing or excluding abdominal pathology and whether or not repeats or further imaging is required.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

In the UK, one in four children are starting school overweight. It has been proposed that early childhood provides a uniqueopportunity within which to establish lifestyle behaviours that will promote health and minimise the risk of development of fatness.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text