Recent Articles

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) is one of the harmful pollutants in ambient air and predominantly occurs in urban areas. Vehicular emission is one of the major sources of NO2 pollution in urban areas and can impact human health to a larger extent. This re view examines the temporal variations in NO₂ concentrations in Delhi's atmosphere from 2020 to 2023 and its implications for ambient air quality. Over the past few years, NO₂ levels in Delhi have shown significant fluctuations due to numerous factors including seasonal changes, traffic patterns, industrial activities, and the impacts of lockdown during COVID -19 pandemic. The analysis of air quality data reveals a correlation between increased NO₂ concentrations and the deterioration of air quality, leading to increasing health risks. This review underscores the need for continuous monitoring and more stringent regulatory measures to manage NO₂ emissions, aiming to improve air quality and mitigate the associated health impacts in Delhi

Recently the UK Infected Blood Inquiry (IBI) headed by Sir Brian Langstaff, a distinguished judge, completed his extensive six year investigation into the circumstances that unnecessarily caused many avoidable infections with the viruses HIV and HCV. Being involved myself with HIV/AIDS research since 1983, I was invited by the Inquiry to testify in 2018. I then wrote and pub lished in two papers what I told the Inquiry [1, 2].

Hookworm infection is a major public health concern and is the major cause of anemia in pregnant women. e aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of hookworm and anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Dabat Primary Hospital and Debark General Hospital, northern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional hospital-based study in volving 384 pregnant women was conducted from March to June 2023. Stool samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of hookworm infection using wet-mount and formol-ether sedimentation techniques. A blood sample was also col lected and analyzed for the hemoglobin (Hb) level of pregnant women. List of Abbreviations: ANC: Antenatal care; AOR: Adjusted odds ratio; CI: Con dence interval; COR: Crude odds ratio; IPI: Intestinal parasitic infection; SPSS: Statistical package for social science; STH: Soil transmitted helmenth e overall prevalence of hookworm infections was 21.4%, and the prevalence of anemia in this study was 17.7%. e mean Hb value was 14.2 ± 0.07 g/dl, with a range of 7.3–19.6 (Hb) levels. Of the anemic pregnant women, 82.3%, 67.6%, and 7.4% had mild, moderate, and severe anemia, re spectively. e result of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that residence, monthly income, gestation period, being unable to wear shoes, and soil eating habits were signi cant predictors of hookworm infection. In addition to this, monthly income, gestation period, and being unable to wear shoes were signi cant predictors of anemia in pregnant wom en in the study area. A relatively high prevalence of hookworm infections and anemia was observed among pregnant wom en. erefore, the study showed that it needs high work to increase the nutritional requirements of pregnant women since they increase during pregnancy and to help them wear shoes during pregnancy. An integrated hookworm prevention and control program should be designed as an important intervention program for women in general and pregnant women who participated in the study area.

This paper reports a case of a 10-year-old patient who had their upper right central incisor avulsed due to trauma while en gaging in a sporting activity. A er 72 hours, the patient sought medical attention, revealing the absence of the tooth in the socket, pain, and swelling. e chosen treatment was delayed dental replantation with stabilization in the socket using a ex ible splint. Following maintenance, endodontic treatment was performed, with intracanal medication change a er 15 days, followed by clinical and radiographic follow-up. e conducted treatment allowed the tooth to remain in the oral cavity for 60 months without infections, albeit in the presence of progressive resorptive processes. is case report suggests that de layed replantation of a permanent incisor a er avulsion can be a bene cial treatment option for pediatric patients, preserv ing stomatognathic functions and the patient's quality of life until the possibility of de nitive rehabilitation

Addiction is a very important issue to be researched in social sciences nowadays. Several studies have been done on the is sue but never modeled out properly to understand the drug culture (addiction) as a process. The study has been conducted to show the structural and functional manifestation which would simplify the understanding of addiction and an individu al’s entry to the drug culture and their location in the process. Furthermore, no study tried to locate drug abusers’ changing lifestyles, their engagements in different activities, social identity, and societal and institutional responses. Discussion on the 'Sociology of drug addiction’ will help to identify an individual's entry into the drug culture along with the current situation in the drug cultural process. The paper is done empirically to uncover the undermining issues relating to the behaviour and applied necessary methods to extract the data. The study concludes with two models: first one justifies the question that, why drug in-takers become obsessed with drug and indulge in drug consumption activity repeatedly with or without their choice due to the physical or mental dependency. The second model seeks to explain the shift of drug in-takers from layer to layer or one stage to another concerning their changing activities relating to the changing cultural identities and societal re sponse to the behaviour.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is known to fluctuate according to a circadian rhythm. While this phenomenon has been quite extensively studied and reported in a number of species, including mice, to date, there have been few studies on the circa dian effect upon total aqueous humor outflow facility (Ctot). In this study, we measured IOP in living anesthetized C57BL/6J mice every 3h over a 24h period, using a TonoLab impact tonometer. We also measured daytime (10:00 pm to 12:00 pm) and nighttime (02:00am to 04:00am) Ctot in anesthetized living mice using a constant flow infusion method. We report that over a 24h period, IOP is highest at midnight (18.34 ± 2.79 mmHg, mean ± St Dev mean) and lowest at midday (12.71 ± 1.42 mmHg), ΔIOP = 5.63 mmHg or 44.3% increase at night, P = 0.005. We also report that Ctot at nighttime (13.66 ± 1.12 nL/min/mmHg ± SEM) is lower than corresponding measurements made during the day time (24.58 ± 2.42 nL/min/mmHg ± SEM), ΔCtot = 10.92 nL/min/mmHg, or 44.4% reduction at night, P = 0.004. In living C57BL/6J mice, IOP and Ctot exhibit circadian variation and appear to be inversely related.

Policy makers and payers are expressing a growing interest in oral health value-based payment approaches to improve the oral health care of patients. Episode of care bundles have the potential to become an important value-based approach in oral health and are already a prominent value-based approach used in health care. In this study, we design two episode of care bundles for oral health preventive services and retrospectively analyze over 16,000 visits in a pediatric dentistry clinic in an urban city in Arizona to evaluate the extent of bundle compliance. Findings from the 16-month study (May 1, 2019 September 1, 2020) indicate that approximately 61% of the Comprehensive Examination Bundles were completed in a sin gle visit while approximately 44% of the Periodic Examination Bundles were completed in a single visit. An item analysis in dicated that radiographs were the most commonly absent bundle element for both bundles with fluoride application and prophylaxis the most commonly absent bundle elements in the Comprehensive Examination Bundle.

An essential component of forensic investigations is forensic anthropology. Forensic Anthropology deals with the study of skeletal remains. When it comes to determining the cause of death and traumatic injuries, forensic anthropology is quite helpful. The investigation of several techniques for identifying traumatic injuries like blunt force trauma, sharp force trauma and gunshot wounds is the major topic of this study. These traumatic injuries are examined using various techniques. This study focuses on the detection of traumatic injuries on skeletal remains by the using visual examination, x-rays analysis, ra diography, CT scans, and photography. Among all of these techniques, visual analysis is of great importance in forensic An thropology because it offers comprehensive data for the investigation of traumatic injuries

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common skin cancer and is usually found in sun-exposed areas. It generally has a favorable prognosis due to its slow growth and low metastatic potential. However, if left untreated, it can lead to the de struction of surrounding tissues. Herein, the case of a female in her 60s, with a giant BCC laying on the upper left gluteal skin. The tumor measures 12 centimeters in size, and has been neglected for over 15 years. We believe that our case is rare by its size and unusual location, as BCC only rarely occur in non-sun-exposed sites

Pilomatricoma is a benign tumor frequently found in the cervicofacial region of children or young adults. It typically mani fests as a subcutaneous nodule with a diameter not exceeding 3cm. In this article, we present a rare case of pilomatricoma with several unusual findings—a giant tumor measuring 11 cm in diameter—located on the trunk of a patient in his mid-40s. The combination of the patient's age, the tumor's location, and its size makes this case exceptional. Given the limit ed existing literature on such lesions, we believe it is crucial to shed light on atypical cases like ours

Ceftobiprole Medocaril is a fifth-generations cephalosporin indicated for the treatment of adult patients with Staphylococ cus aureus bacteremia (SAB), adult patients with bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSI), and adults and pedia tric patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). It provides a feasible and efficient alternative for em piric therapy

Background: Short-term outcomes of critically ill patients with hematological malignancies (HM) who developped acute kidney injury (AKI) is grim. Little is known about their long-term management. We aimed to assess the impact of the occur rence of AKI on long-term outcome and management in those patients

The Italian Penal Code, through Article 612 bis, regulates stalking by identifying it as a phenomenon wherein an individual repeatedly engages in harassing or oppressive behavior towards a victim. Today, little attention is paid to the crime of Judi cial Stalking, in which there is a reversal of roles. In such cases, the perpetrator, disguised as the victim, drags the actual vic tim into court, accusing them of various crimes with repeated unfounded compensation claims solely instrumentalized to cause psychological, reputational, and economic harm. These perpetrators are not necessarily diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder but possess personality structures characterized by strong manipulative traits and the use of primitive psychologi cal defenses

This review explores the crucial role of personalization and individualization in AI tools designed to educate autistic chil dren. Despite significant progress in AI applications in education, the existing landscape often fails to address the diverse needs of the autistic community. One significant gap in current research is the neglect of cultural and socioeconomic factors that influence learning experiences

The structure and thermal stability of Co-W alloys electrodeposited with direct and pulsed currents have been investigated by X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analyses. It has been established that amorphization of alloys is influenced by deposition modes and concentration of amorphizing component (sodium tungstate salts) (Na2 WO4) in the aqueous electrolyte solution. It is shown that with increasing tungsten content in the alloy or under more non-equilibrium conditions of electrodeposition the onset of crystallisation shifts to higher temperatures

Essential oil was extracted from the Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) plant to evaluate its antifungal activity against four phytopathogenic fungi, viz., Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger, using the poisoned food technique. Different concentration of extracted essential oil viz., 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 4000 ppm, and 6000 ppm, were used to evaluate the potential effect against tested pathogens. At the concentration of 1000 ppm, 100% inhibition of mycelial growth was observed against Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus niger, whereas at a concentration of 2000 ppm 100% growth inhibition was found against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus flavus fungi, respectively. The percentage inhibition of mycelial growth of the tested fungi was found to be dose dependent. The GC-MS analysis of essen tial oil revealed 40 compounds. Among them 2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl- (E)- (Citral), Neral (Beta Citral), 2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl- (Diacetone alcohol, Geraniol (Lemanol) and Geranyl acetate were found to be major constituents. In silico studies revealed that Geranyl acetate has strong binding affinity and inhibition constant against four major fungal cell wall proteins. Thus, based on the above results it concluded that essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus could be used as an al ternative to synthetic fungicides for management of phytopathogenic fungal diseases.

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is commonly encountered by interventional cardiologists. Severe CAC may impair stent delivery or result in stent underexpansion, stent thrombosis and/orin-stent restenosis (ISR).Adequate preparation of heavily calcified coronary lesions (e.g. using non-compliant balloons, cutting/scoring balloons, rotational/orbital atherecto my or intravascular lithotripsy) prior to stent implantation is essential in preventing stent underexpansion.However, in cer tain cases the deployed stent may remain underexpanded despite extensive lesion preparation.Recent reports have suggest ed that IVL could be used with success in patients with acute stent failure.We present a case of Acute IWMI with stent un Keywords: CAC(Coronary artery calcium),PCI(Percutaneous coronary intervention),IWMI(Inferior wall MI),IVL(Intravs cular lithotripsy),RA(rotational atherectomy),NCB(non compliant balloon) derexpansion during primary PCI due to focal dense calcification managed with IVL with good final result. Shockwave In travascular Lithotripsy (IVL) is the only technology that cracks both medial and intimal calcium while minimizing trauma to the vessel wall.In the recent past it has been indicated for denovo calcified coronary lesions and calcified Instent resteno sis.For IVL use in acute stent failure it is a off label indication.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (ML) are increasingly being used in the Neurocritical Care and healthcare in general. The ML model algorithms have many existing and potential uses in triage, diagnosis, clinical decision support, mon itoring, and prevention of clinical syndromes. Combining and appropriately analyzing the vast number of neurocritical care data parameters, ranging from clinical (including electronic medical record), laboratory, imaging, multimodal monitoring, and many others is beyond human capability. ML algorithms can help the providers and patients in analyzing these data pa rameters to address certain defined problems. Machine learning does have limitations in several aspects (technical, medi co-legal, financial, clinical, ethical, social, etc.), which can prevent realization of its full potential. Addressing these pitfalls with appropriate solutions in a timely manner is important to get the maximum benefit out of this valuable technological ad vancement

Objective: This study was explored the impact of Nihavent theme on decreasing of adaptation difficulty in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Materials and methods: The study was conducted with a total of 30 patients, 15 patients in the intervention group and 15 patients in the control group. Before the application, The Descriptive Characteristics Data Form and Assessment Scale of Adaptation Difficulty for the Elderly were administered to both groups. The patients in intervention group had music ses sions for 12 weeks. Patients in the control group received standard care but did not participate in the specific intervention. One week after the music session completed, the Assessment Scale of Adaptation Difficulty for the Elderly was re-adminis tered to both groups.

This study examined the effectiveness of Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT) in reducing tobacco smoking dependency be haviour among incarcerated individuals within correctional settings in Oyo State. Anchored on social cognitive theory, which highlights the role of self-efficacy in behaviour change, the research was designed to address the pressing public health concern of tobacco smoking among the inmates.