Articles Related to UCL

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative parkinsonian syndrome with distinct clinical features which tends to be progressive, causing vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, frontal lobe cognitive decline, postural instability and progressive axial rigidity. Clinical examination typically reveals ocular motor dysfunction including restricted vertical gaze, slow vertical saccades and “eyelid opening apraxia” with intact vestibule ocular reflex. PSP falls under the rubric of Parkinsonism plus syndromes that are a group of heterogeneous degenerative neurological disorders that differ from the classical idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. PSP is often underreported, making it important for clinicians to be aware of this disorder. Here we report a case of PSP, which presented primarily with speech disturbances and recurrent falls due to postural instability. On investigating, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a classical sign diagnostic of PSP. This teaching case report describes management and prognosis of the disease

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Background:The extensive use of antiretroviral therapy has favored the emergence of multiple patterns of drug resistance mutations. These mutations evolve over time and are only detected by the conventional Sanger sequencing technology when they exceed 20% at which time there may be cross resistance. Unfortunately, the controversy surrounding the significance of these minority drug resistance mutations is still overwhelming. Methods: Samples were obtained from patients who were failing on an NRTI based regimen between 2010 and 2019. For the subtype A and D analysis, 1000 patient samples were analyzed while the subtype C sub-analysis was comprised of 363 samples. Sanger based sequencing was performed as part of the standard of care. A subset of these samples was further analyzed using the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology and analysis of the drug resistance mutations was performed at the 20% and 1% cut off to determine the prevalence of minority multi-drug resistant variants. Results: Although Thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) were prevalent in all subtypes, our analyses showed that these mutations occurred in significantly less proportions among subtype C infections when compared with the subtype A and D counterparts. On the other hand, the Q151M mutation complex was significantly more predominant among patients harboring subtype C variants. Analysis using NGS revealed that minority drug resistant mutations that confer multi-drug resistance (MDR) were present even in patients who exhibited a susceptible genotype based on the Sanger sequencing technique. Conclusion: Although HIV-1 MDR variants occur in all subtypes, their predominance is subtype specific with TAMs being significantly more predominant among subtype A and D while the Q151M complex more predominant among patients harboring subtype C viruses. Even in patients with a fully susceptible genotype based on Sanger technology, minority variants are present and their evolution to full blown MDR occurs over time such that if their early detection is missed, cross resistance is inevitable.

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Despite extensive research, the incidence of diabetes continues to increase, and the management of diabetes needs improvement, because in 2016, more than 100,000 patients had lower extremity amputated, suffered ischemic heart disease and stroke. Analysis of investigations indicates that increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation enhance the risk, progression, diabetic–related complications, and reduce effectiveness of drug therapy. Therefore, simultaneously attenuation of these cellular abnormalities may help in reducing the risk of development, progression, and prolonging the effectiveness of drug therapy.

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Ameloblastic fibro odontoma is a rare benign odontogenic tumor that occurs in early decades of life. It shows male predilection and mandible is more affected when compared to maxilla.

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Injuries of the Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the thumb are relatively common and well described in the literature. Stener lesion refers to the displacement of the avulsed distal end of the UCL, moving to lie over the adductor aponeurosis making the chances of spontaneous healing impossible [1].

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When high energy electron beam falls on a high Z target it generates bremsstrahlung photons which can be used to produce 99Mo from 100Mo using photo-neutron (γ, n) reaction. Two different approaches are studied to carry out photo-neutron reaction. First, a converter target approach in which photons are generated in a high Z target of tungsten using (e,γ) reaction and then (γ, n) reaction in 100Mo for 99Mo production. Second, a direct target approach wherein 30 MeV electrons hit directly onto 100Mo target to carry out both (e, γ) and (γ, n) reactions in the 100Mo target itself. GEANT4 simulation gives photons and neutrons fluxes and their angular distributions from both the approaches, which are then used to calculate activity of 99Mo. The study shows that for very thin 100Mo target of about 0.1 radiation length converter target shows better activity whereas, for any thickness beyond it the direct target approach is found to be more efficient. For 30 MeV and 10 kW beam falling on 100Mo target with 1.4 radiation length, direct target approach is found to be more efficient. Therefore, after improvising the geometry of 100Mo target in the case of direct target method an increased specific activity is obtained through GEANT4 simulation.

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To define groups of patients who may hold prosthetics subatrophic eyes and removes the eye with subsequent prosthetics. Under observation from 2010-2017 was 152 patients with posttraumatic subatrophy (the average age is 46.1 years), divided into 2 groups: 1-102(67,1%) patient who underwent enucleation with the for-mation of the locomotor stump - 56 (55,0%), evisceration - 46 (45,0%); and group 2 - 50 (32.9%) and patients who have had prosthetic subatrophic eyes.

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Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an extreme sensitivity to UV rays from sunlight, a high incidence of skin cancer and occasional neurological symptoms. XP, primarily defined as a DNA repair syndrome, has been found associated with defects in the Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) pathway, and more recently by transcriptional deregulation. XP results from mutations in eight genes (XPA to XPG and XPV) coding for proteins involved in NER.

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Introduction: Serum 14-3-3 eta provides diagnostic and prognostic information in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). It is coded by the YWHAH gene with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. It was hypothesized that 6 previously described YWHAH SNPs might relate to markers of RA disease severity such as seropositivity or erosive changes. Association study performed at an academic hospital Rheumatology Clinic. Subjects studied were 18 years of age or older with RA. TaqMan analysis screened for YWHAH SNPs rs2246704, rs2853884, rs3747158, rs4820059, rs7291050, rs933226. Primary endpoint was presence of at least one copy of the YWHAH SNPs with the markers of RA disease severity.

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In their first full report on the analysis of GSR by SEM-EDS, Wolten and colleagues stated that the great majority of the gunshot residue particles (GSR), between 70 to 100%, have a characteristic morphology thus providing a detection criterion holding significance equal to that provided by the elemental composition. In fact, the particles must have a spherical or spheroidal shape and their surface should appear amorphous, devoid of any crystalline characteristic.

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PLIN2 belongs to one member of PAT (Perilipin, Adipophilin and Tip47) family, which plays an important role in regulating lipid storage and could be regarded as a candidate gene for intramuscular fat deposition in pigs. This study tried to clone the coding domain sequence (CDS) of PLIN2 gene, compare the nucleotide acids and deduced amino acids sequence, physiological characteristics, structure and the expression level between Wujin (fatty breed) and Landrace (lean breed) pigs. The results showed that the mutation of nucleotide acids led to the mutation of deduced amino acids between two pig breeds.

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The currently available anti HIV agents have several drawbacks such as short half life, low bioavailability, poor CNS penetration and retention, hepatic first pass metabolism, undesirable side effects and frequent dosing regimen.

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Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) is a known gastrointestinal disorder that has been well documented but is difficult to diagnose noninvasively.

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Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been proposed as vehicles for the sensitization of T cells by decreasing their activation threshold.

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Polymorphonuclear (PMN) neutrophil leukocytes are cells of innate immunity recognized in a peripheral blood smear because of their particular multilobed nucleus. Ring shaped nucleous are typical in rats and mice, being described in some pathologies in humans as well as in healthy subjects.

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The design of an electrochemical reactor for the preparation of self-supported comparatively thin (up to 10 μm) and large area (up to 50 cm2) anodic alumina membranes is described allowing growth of porous alumina at high applied potential (up to 150 V) without burning.

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