Annex Publishers

Bovine Trypanosomiasis known as Gendi in Ethiopia, is one of the major diseases of livestock. The disease results in loss of livestock and agricultural productivity with severe socio-economic impacts. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of the community towards Bovine Trypanosomiasis in selected areas of Loka Abaya district, Sidama, Ethiopia. Descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview and information was collected on knowledge, attitudes, control and treatment practices associated with Bovine Try panosomiasis. The Results showed that all the respondents have knowledge of tsetse and Trypanosomiasis. They heard about the disease and tsetse fly in different ways, i.e., from the community, animal health workers and when their animal was sick. Majority (66.7 %) treat their animals with trypanocide when infected. They buy drug from local dispenser’s and treat and administer the drug themselves not by veterinary professionals. The study revealed that the respondents have con siderable knowledge about Bovine trypanosomiasis and tsetse, as important factors in disease control and treatment. However, the misuse and unsystematic use of some trypanocidal drugs by the community is reported to be one of the predisposing factors for the development of drug resistance which has become a menace in the control of the disease. Therefore, regulatory enforcement and thorough education on the use of drug and treatment should be considered by the veterinarians and other stakeholders

Abstract: Umbilical cord blood contains stem cells which are useful in chemotherapy, implantation; however, cord RBC is considered as a waste product. It is necessary to use the umbilical cord blood for neonatal blood transfusion to avoid diseases. Nowadays, nanoparticles are used in biomedical and pharmaceutical industry. Nanoparticles interact with blood via different routes. In addition, these nanoparticles used in biomedicine, drug delivery, bioimaging, and to increase the shelf life of RBC. Nevertheless, research of nanoparticle interaction with umbilical cord red blood cells is still . in the present study, interaction between umbilical cord blood-RBC and citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles is studied. Methods: Umbilical cord rbc isolated from whole blood immediately r the collection using centrifuge. PBS r is used as a physiological media and washing reagent. interaction of isolated RBC (2% suspension) with t con centration of citrate stabilized gold nanoparticle were investigated using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Interfacial tension measurement technique. Results: UV-Visible spectroscopy is used to investigate the changes in Soret band and oxygenation bands (Q1 and Q2). Variation in absorption intensity is observed in umbilical cord RBC incubated citrate stabilized gold nanoparticles. However, there is no t shi in Soret band and Q1, Q2 band of cord-RBC with Au nanoparticles. In case of Raman spectros copy, enhancement in disulphide band region (526 cm-1 and 579 cm-1) and change in the spin state marker is investigated. While, interfacial tension decreases for 10 µl and increases for 100 µl and 200µl of 40 nM AuNP.

Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body cannot properly use or store glucose. Glucose is a type of sugar that raises blood sugar levels if it accumulates in the blood. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas is no longer able to produce insulin, or the body is unable to use the insulin produced properly. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that acts like a switch, allowing glucose to enter the body's cells from the bloodstream for energy. All carbohydrate foods are broken down into glucose in the body. The hormone insulin helps glucose enter the cells. Inability to produce insulin or to use it effectively leads to an increase in the level of glucose in the blood, which is called hyperglycemia. In the long term, high blood glucose levels are associated with damage to the body and failure of various organs and tissues [1, 2]

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that influences how children communicate, interact so cially, and manage everyday behaviors. Although every child on the spectrum shows a different mix of strengths and chal lenges, certain patterns tend to appear reduced social reciprocity, unusual sensory responses, and, quite often, delays in language or motor skills. These characteristics seem to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, along with autoimmune and perinatal influences. At present, ASD affects about 1 in 44 children [1] The broader spectrum still includes what were once separate diagnoses, such as Asperger’s syndrome, PDD-NOS, Rett syndrome, and Childhood Disintegrative Di sorder [2]. Motor-related differences are frequently among the earliest signs. Children may have trouble with coordination or maintaining balance, and tasks that involve fine motor control can be more demanding than expected for their age (Bhat et al., 2011; Staples & Reid, 2010). Many also face challenges in imitation or praxis; copying a movement, judging spatial placement, or learning a new motor sequence may take more time or effort. Since these skills underpin everyday functioning and many social exchanges, such difficulties can limit both peer interaction and independence in daily life [3]. Added to this, sleep disturbances and gastrointestinal problems are common and can intensify emotional and behavioral challenges (Miano et al., 2007; Rao et al., 2008)

Bovine Trypanosomiasis known as Gendi in Ethiopia, is one of the major diseases of livestock. The disease results in loss of livestock and agricultural productivity with severe socio-economic impacts. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of the community towards Bovine Trypanosomiasis in selected areas of Loka Abaya district, Sidama, Ethiopia. Descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview and information was collected on knowledge, attitudes, control and treatment practices associated with Bovine Try panosomiasis. The Results showed that all the respondents have knowledge of tsetse and Trypanosomiasis. They heard about the disease and tsetse fly in different ways, i.e., from the community, animal health workers and when their animal was sick. Majority (66.7 %) treat their animals with trypanocide when infected. They buy drug from local dispenser’s and treat and administer the drug themselves not by veterinary professionals. The study revealed that the respondents have con siderable knowledge about Bovine trypanosomiasis and tsetse, as important factors in disease control and treatment. However, the misuse and unsystematic use of some trypanocidal drugs by the community is reported to be one of the predisposing factors for the development of drug resistance which has become a menace in the control of the disease. Therefore, regulatory enforcement and thorough education on the use of drug and treatment should be considered by the veterinarians and other stakeholders

Abstract: Umbilical cord blood contains stem cells which are useful in chemotherapy, implantation; however, cord RBC is considered as a waste product. It is necessary to use the umbilical cord blood for neonatal blood transfusion to avoid diseases. Nowadays, nanoparticles are used in biomedical and pharmaceutical industry. Nanoparticles interact with blood via different routes. In addition, these nanoparticles used in biomedicine, drug delivery, bioimaging, and to increase the shelf life of RBC. Nevertheless, research of nanoparticle interaction with umbilical cord red blood cells is still . in the present study, interaction between umbilical cord blood-RBC and citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles is studied. Methods: Umbilical cord rbc isolated from whole blood immediately r the collection using centrifuge. PBS r is used as a physiological media and washing reagent. interaction of isolated RBC (2% suspension) with t con centration of citrate stabilized gold nanoparticle were investigated using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Interfacial tension measurement technique. Results: UV-Visible spectroscopy is used to investigate the changes in Soret band and oxygenation bands (Q1 and Q2). Variation in absorption intensity is observed in umbilical cord RBC incubated citrate stabilized gold nanoparticles. However, there is no t shi in Soret band and Q1, Q2 band of cord-RBC with Au nanoparticles. In case of Raman spectros copy, enhancement in disulphide band region (526 cm-1 and 579 cm-1) and change in the spin state marker is investigated. While, interfacial tension decreases for 10 µl and increases for 100 µl and 200µl of 40 nM AuNP.

Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body cannot properly use or store glucose. Glucose is a type of sugar that raises blood sugar levels if it accumulates in the blood. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas is no longer able to produce insulin, or the body is unable to use the insulin produced properly. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that acts like a switch, allowing glucose to enter the body's cells from the bloodstream for energy. All carbohydrate foods are broken down into glucose in the body. The hormone insulin helps glucose enter the cells. Inability to produce insulin or to use it effectively leads to an increase in the level of glucose in the blood, which is called hyperglycemia. In the long term, high blood glucose levels are associated with damage to the body and failure of various organs and tissues [1, 2]

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that influences how children communicate, interact so cially, and manage everyday behaviors. Although every child on the spectrum shows a different mix of strengths and chal lenges, certain patterns tend to appear reduced social reciprocity, unusual sensory responses, and, quite often, delays in language or motor skills. These characteristics seem to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, along with autoimmune and perinatal influences. At present, ASD affects about 1 in 44 children [1] The broader spectrum still includes what were once separate diagnoses, such as Asperger’s syndrome, PDD-NOS, Rett syndrome, and Childhood Disintegrative Di sorder [2]. Motor-related differences are frequently among the earliest signs. Children may have trouble with coordination or maintaining balance, and tasks that involve fine motor control can be more demanding than expected for their age (Bhat et al., 2011; Staples & Reid, 2010). Many also face challenges in imitation or praxis; copying a movement, judging spatial placement, or learning a new motor sequence may take more time or effort. Since these skills underpin everyday functioning and many social exchanges, such difficulties can limit both peer interaction and independence in daily life [3]. Added to this, sleep disturbances and gastrointestinal problems are common and can intensify emotional and behavioral challenges (Miano et al., 2007; Rao et al., 2008)