Recent Articles

Antibiotics are one of the most widely used groups of drugs. The development of antimicrobial drugs represents one of the most important advances in therapeutics. Irrational and uncontrolled use of these agents both in developing and developed countries has resulted in an evolution of resistant strains in addition to a poor health outcome. Despite this fact, antimicrobial agents are vastly over-prescribed in the inpatient setting and the availability of antimicrobial agents without prescription in many developing countries. The use antimicrobial agents in Infants and children have become a routine practice for the treatment of pediatric illness and it needs study to show the status and pattern of antimicrobial in this age group is critical hence they are most vulnerable population groups to counteract illness

The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between food intake, nutritional status and good school performance among schoolchildren in the district of Abidjan. A cross-sectional study was carried out from December 2015 to April 2016 in 426 schoolchildren in Yopougon and Bingerville, two communes in the district of Abidjan. The nutritional status was defined starting from the BMI and calculated with Who Anthro Plus v1.0.4. The student and chi-square tests were used to compare the numbers and proportions. Binary and multiple logistic regressions have been used to see the association between good academic performance and the quality of food consumed and socio-demographic characteristics.

Obesity and physical inactivity are growing problems that are associated with major health problems. However, the current information on the association between obesity and physical activity (PA) in Saudi women of reproductive age is insufficient to design and develop intervention programs. To explore the rates of two types of obesity (general and abdominal obesity) and the level of PA and to evaluate the relationship between obesity risk factors, the use of exercise equipment at home, A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 using a stratified two-stage cluster sample. The sampling weight and design effect were incorporated into the analysis. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) data were collected from all participants.and obesity measurements.

NanotechnologyAbstractIntroductionIn order to successfully reduce the weight of a helical spring it is possible to optimize the material parameters or to use alternative advanced materials instead of conventional engineering ones. Springs are used for vibration damping in mechanical systems and are generally made of steel. As an alternative to material of steel springs in the scope of the study, mechanical behaviors of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite helical springs have been investigated. The FRP composite material has made it possible to reduce the weight of helical spring without any reduction on load carrying capacity. Due to increasing competition and innovation in recent decades, vehicle industries show interest in replacing conventional steel spring with FRP composite helical spring which has advantages such as higher strength to weight ratio, higher stiffness, high impact energy absorption and lesser stresses. The study gives the brief look on the suitability of FRP composite helical springs on related mechanical systems. The objective of the present work is evaluation of the design, analysis and fabrication of FRP composite helical springs.

Between 2010-2014, Fundacion Huesped and the Youth for Health Network implemented a sexuality education program, dance4life, in public schools in Argentina. A process evaluation was conducted in 2014 to assess the implementation of the program between 2010 and 2013, and make preliminary assessments of the impact on youth sexual and reproductive health.

School represents a proper place for health promotion among youth. This study aimed to explore the determinants of an eventual school nutrition policy (SNP) development by studying the perceptions of youth coming from different social contexts in Lebanon. It was a qualitative study conducted among 48 children and adolescents aged between 10 and 14 years in 8 schools (4 private and 4 public) in rural and urban Lebanese regions. An exhaustive integrated conceptual framework was used to explore the perceived determinants at different levels of action, namely individual, community/interpersonal and organizational. Directed and semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with youth. Data from this research have been submitted to a thematic qualitative analysis to identify barriers and facilitators of SNP development in Lebanon. Coding guide was based on the integrated comprehensive conceptual framework. Transcripts were coded and revised by the 2 researchers for common themes.

Despite the high numbers of participants in both rugby league and union, literature on body image of male rugby players is somewhat limited. However, researchers have theorized that the exercise adopted by males may reflect different levels of dissatisfaction, especially in activities that require a large body build, or lean aesthetic physique. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prevalence of body (dis)satisfaction in terms of muscularity and body fat, and secondly to identify areas of the body that require a change (in either increase/decrease in musculature or body fat) to improve body image.

Lumbosacral radicular pain (LRP) is a common symptom, its annual prevalence in the general population is reported to be from 9.9% to 25% and it is characterized by a shooting, radiating pain to one or more dermatomes, which is often caused by irritation of the corresponding nerve root. The initial treatment should be conservative with oral medications, exercise, and physiotherapy. When conservative treatments fail, epidural steroid injections and other interventional treatments should be considered. Surgical interventions are indicated when all other treatments have failed.

A 54 year old female presented for atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter cryoablation. She had experienced multiple pre-syncopal episodes prior to diagnosis and underwent a cardiac work-up including Holter monitor, transthoracic echocardiogram,stress test and tilt table test which was negative except for atrial fibrillation. She presented to the hospital for an AF ablation procedure under general anesthesia after transesophageal echocardiogram to rule out atrial thrombosis formation.

Case reports have been a method of scientific communication in the medical literature. Cases describing a clinical challenge faced by physicians and providing well-reasoned recommendations serve an important function in the clinical practice. Other values of case reports include generating clinical hypotheses and promoting scholarly education. They enhance critical thinking for practicing physicians, residents, and medical students. A case report can raise conceptual questions about particular clinical observation with the goal to generate a clinical hypothesis. This article highlights the value of case reports and describes their role in advancement of medicine with the intent to increase and improve case reporting.

Streptomyces species are medically, industrially, and microbiologically important bacteria that are found in soils and other habitats. Streptomyces isolates and QUBC97 were cultured on a new medium (CCG). Agar plug diffusion test showed antibacterial activity. N-butanol extracts analysed by silica thin layer chromatography (TLC), HPLC purified and identified by MS analysis. QUBC97 was identified based on morphology, PCR, and DNA sequencing of two loci.

Children are our future, and what happens to them affect the whole community development. The study was conducted in child caring organizations in Hossana, Ethiopia. Caregivers were used as data sources to assess the children mental health wellbeing. Univariate and bivariate analyses and Chi-square tests were used to describe the study results in a scientific manner. Results indicate having mental health problems increased the risk of a new maltreatment report and decreased the likelihood of reaching permanence. The findings highlight the children need in the welfare systems to have a prompt mental health assessment and adequate services. Policies implications include assessing necessitate of the child mental health intake that coordinates in the caring organizations have to be strengthened.

Inflammation has been implicated in cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We have recently screened several compounds that modulate inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and nitric oxide) in response to a variety of stimuli. Our hypothesis is that compounds with those anti-inflammatory properties will be useful for treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other diseases based on inflammation.

The study sets out to compare personal studies from 1982 to 2003 as regards 8 articles on the role of the reprint request (RR) in fostering scientific communication. As early as 1986, the Editor of English for Specific Purposes cited the author as “the only active researcher” that he had “traced in the RR area.” In this context, 2 papers published in 1972 and 1974 in cardiology were presented together with 4 associated reprints. Actually, the study confirmed the phenomenon of “clustering.” Thus, US most active contemporaneous scientists were affiliated in only 8 of the entire states. Out of these, 2 states appeared in the local catchment. In other words, this means that the “tracer tool” function of RR has been demonstrated. However, the Internet is now predominant in such sociological studies; it will no doubt be useful in such tracings.

The objective of this study was to study ear biometric for identification purpose among young adults in Malaysia. A total of 148 subjects (74 males and 74 females) ranging in age from 18 to 25 years were taken from Campus Kuala Lumpur of National University of Malaysia (UKMKKL). A total of twelve biometrics based on Iannarelli’s method as well as ear length and ear width were used as measurements. Statistical analysis indicated that left and right ears had no significant difference (p > 0.05). Gender difference was found to be highly significant for nine out of fourteen ear biometrics (p < 0.05). However, there were only five out of fourteen ear biometrics had significant difference between Chinese and Malays (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis had also indicated that differences among ages for each ear biometrics were insignificant and no clear correlation between ear biometrics and ages was obtained (p > 0.05). Formulae for gender and race estimation were obtained by using Classification and Regression (C & R) Tree. Formulae of ear length had the highest accuracy (78.7%) for gender estimation.

The aim of this study is to develop formulae for stature and sex estimation through foot length and foot width in major races of Malaysia. A total of 150 subjects (75 males and 75 females) ranging in age from 20 to 30 years were taken from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kampus Kuala Lumpur (UKMKKL). Statistical analysis indicated that bilateral variation was insignificant for all the foot measurements. Sex differences were found to be highly significant for all the measurements. For races stature was higher significantly in Chinese than Malay but no significant differences were found in all the foot measurements. The highest correlation was found between stature and foot length in all groups. Linear and Multiple Regression Analysis were used for stature estimation.

International Criminal Justice is seen with the bi-focal lens of liability under municipal laws, enforced by the local courts and international laws enforced by international tribunals. Another limb to this is the application of Customary International Laws to crimes within national jurisdictions as certain crimes are seen as universal deeming such submergible under municipal laws. Implementation of treaties become relevant in this regard due to the important roles of consenting nations in abiding by the principles of law designed to tackle crimes internationally and the exigent need to keep the peace within the local jurisdictions.

Childhood obesity is epidemic in the United States, but low levels of physical activity and high levels of screen time are modifiable risk factors. An activity meter (AM) program, that utilizes an interactive child-focused website and measures the amount and intensity of physical activity, may promote activity and decrease BMI.The current study tests the feasibility of using an AM program with child-caregiver pairs in a primary care setting. We hypothesize that participants would rate the system as easy to use, would be motivated with their engagement in physical activity, and would continue to use and recommend to others. We hypothesize the AM system would increase children’s physical activity levels and decrease engagement in screen time over the study period. We also measure changes in participants’ body mass index (BMI).Prospective study assessing ease of use and satisfaction with the AM program post-intervention and comparing physical activity and BMI changes in children and caregivers from pre- and post-intervention over a 4-month period.

Rainfall patterns are recognised as important for normal ecosystem functioning in arid environments. Most attempts made to understand the effect of rainfall on amphibian ecology have focused on long-term rather than short-term trends. Here, factors effecting embryonic mortality and clutch size of the African foam nesting frog Chiromantis xerampelina were examined at two ponds from April – June in 2011-2012 in Malawi. A total of 73 foam nests were monitored following spawning. On average 29% of eggs in 2011 and 26% in 2012 suffered mortality from both ponds and this mortality significantly varied between nests. Linear regression showed that the date of spawning had a significant effect on mortality due to moisture requirements of the eggs. The height of nests over the water surface had a negative impact on clutch size and increased rainfall decreased egg mortality in both years at both ponds. In a changing climate, with rainfall projected to become more infrequent in this region, organisms may not be able to rely on rainfall patterns as cues for reproduction, which may have a negative impact on amphibian populations.

Pamabrom is a common over-the-counter mild diuretic that is often used in combination with acetaminophen and other drugs for the treatment of menstrual pain. It consists of a 1:1 ratio mixture of 8-bromotheophylline and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. A bioanalytical method for pamabrom, determined as 8-bromotheophylline, was developed and validated using reverse-phase HPLC coupled with UV detection.