Recent Articles

This article was written in support of development of new strategies to control economically important diseases of goats, and advance the body of knowledge of agricultural professionals and small farmers on disease surveillance and biosecurity for farm operations. The goat industry has been looking for more effective ways to alleviate health problems for a long time. There is an evolving need for scientists, agricultural professionals with expertise in small ruminants, along with the input from goat producers, to develop strategies tailored for specific disease prevalence that affects sustainable small ruminant productions.

Research on the stem cell biology of the minipig is rapidly developing. Although research on mouse and human stem cells currently predominates over that in other species, data from these species have provided a good foundation for current and future porcine stem cell research. In addition, the increasing popularity of alternate-species models in the study of human diseases and disease mechanisms has spurred porcine stem cell research. As a source of pluripotent embryonic stem cells, the pig presents several challenges as compared with mice and humans.

In the field of human osteology, sex estimation is an important step in developing a biological profile. There are a number of methods that can be used to estimate the sex of human remains, varying from visual assessments to metric analysis of sexually dimorphic traits. Teeth are one of the most durable physical elements in the human body and thus can be very successfully used for this purpose. The present study investigates the utility of cervical measurements for sex estimation through discriminant analysis. The permanent molar teeth of 75 skeletons (28 females and 52 males) from the Hasanlu site in north-western Iran were studied. Cervical mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements were taken from both maxillary and mandibular first and second molars. Discriminant analysis was used to evaluate the accuracy of each diameter in assessing sex. The results showed that males had statistically larger teeth than females for maxillary and mandibular molars and cervical mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements (P < 0.05). The range of classification rate was from 78.4% to 87.1% for the original and 78.4% to 85.5% for cross-validated data. The most dimorphic teeth were the maxillary and mandibular second molars, providing 87.1% and 86.1% correct classification rate respectively. The data generated from the present study suggested that cervical mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements of molar teeth can be useful and reliable for sex estimation in Iranian archaeological populations.

Adolf Hitler’s sanity was questioned by many, including psychiatrists. Attempts to understand the German dictator’s mental state started with his ascension to power in 1933 and continue up to the present, providing a historiography that is far more revealing about changing trends in medicine than it is about his mental state. This paper looks at the public comments of various psychiatrists on Hitler’s mental state, commencing with his rise to power to 1933 and culminating in defeat and death in 1945. The views of the psychiatrists were based on public information, largely derived from the news and often reflected their own professional bias. The first public comment on Hitler’s mental state by a psychiatrist was by Norwegian psychiatrist Johann Scharffenberg in 1933. Carl Jung made several favourable comments about him before 1939.

Clavicle fractures are common injuries in young adults and children, and diagnosis can often be made based on history and physical exam. Treatment decisions vary according to the fracture’s location and multiple classification schemes have been devised to describe fracture patterns. The Allman model is the most widely used, which Dr. Neer subsequently revised to further delineate distal clavicle patterns. This article will illustrate the anatomy of the clavicle, its attachments and clinically relevant injury patterns. It is imperative to accurately classify these injuries as clinical outcomes and management options vary according to their morphology.

The Ideal Weight has been an interesting topic for years. The Healthiest Weight should be accurate and unique for everyone. Current methods use the BMI (Body Mass Index) as an indicator of a person’s optimal weight. However, BMI has some issues, leading to inefficient weight management programs. Successful programs should consider the optimal timing for the brain control of weight-presetting, the fundamental of the Lipostat theory, not yet reported in humans. In this study, the bases for successful Weight Management Programs are proposed by BMI sub-categorization, current state-of-the-art mobile technology and self-experimentation. This is the first reported long-term human self-experiment involving successful weight loss, metabolic adaptation and weight-presetting, consistent with the Lipostat theory. New concepts and ideas are raised, setting up the bases for further experimental investigations.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most frequent of a group of conditions known as haemoglobinopathies. The disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, characterized by abnormal haemoglobin (Hemoglobin S) that under certain conditions polymerizes resulting in microvascular occlusions. This pictorial review illustrates the osteo-articular manifestations associated with sickle-cell disease encountered in children in our institution with at least one Haematology appointment in 2013/2014. Osteo-articular manifestations with imaging findings were reported in 28 out of 97 patients. The most frequent complications and those that required hospital care were painful vaso-occlusive crisis and femoral head osteomyelitis.

Tumors located in the parapharyngeal space are rare. They account for 0.5% of the whole tumors of the head and neck. Benign neoplasms are the most common with a rate of 70 to 80%, 40 to 50% originate in the salivary glands ; half of them are represented by the pleomorphic adenoma. We report the case of 38 old-year woman with in which the diagnosis of parapharyngeal space was made. The patient underwent a complete removal of the mass. The histological exam revealed a pleomorphic adenoma. No postoperative complications.

Self-mutilating patient is an unusual psychiatric patient in the emergency department. An underlying cause for this psychiatric condition should be known for rehabilitation after saving the life of the patient. Drug abuse is very common and important cause should be searched for in these cases.

This formula was designed to discover and analyze the compatibility/incompatibility of individuals and groups of individuals based on fingerprint classifications found in the Henry System of Fingerprint Classification and Filing. In particular, the Primary Classification which depicts the distribution of whorl type patterns across a ten set of fingerprints. A given Primary Classification is therefore examined according to the geometric position that it maintains on a chart of the 1024 classifications. Nevertheless, in order for geometric analysis to be accurate, the dimensions of the Primary Classification Chart must be specific.

Splenic cysts are very unusual in daily surgical practice and less than 1000 cases have been reported in literature till date. These are classified as true or pseudocyst based on presence or absence of epithelial lining. Primary, true or epithelial splenic cysts are even rarer. Most of the cases are asymptomatic until of significant size, at which time they are then detected incidentally on ultrasonography or CT scan. We report a case of 13 years old girl who presented to us with a huge lump in central and left upper part of the abdomen.

Sexual and reproductive health services are more often than not perceived as low in the hierarchy of needs during humanitarian crisis yet populations in crisis need and have a right to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. A project to meet the SRH needs of South Sudanese refugees was designed and implemented in Ethiopia. A post emergency review was done to assess the performance of the project. A desk review; 10 key informant interviews with project management staff, partners, and beneficiaries; 5 focus group discussions (FGDs) with a total of 42 participants representing adult men/women and boys/girls was done. Thematic and content analyses approach was used for data analysis.

Protein tyrosine nitration (PTN) is a post-translational modification that occurs under the action of Nitric oxide (NO) which leads to the formation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). RNS reacts with tyrosine residues in proteins to form nitrotyrosine. PTN has lately been related to neurodegenerative diseases. It is very essential to know the details of its mechanism. PTN is also involved in cellular signaling. The detail of such an event is still not clear. Controlling of cellular signaling is only possible if nitration and denitration is a dynamic, regulated and reversible process. In this review, the biological consequence of PTN, analytical methods required for their detection and their relation with different neurological diseases has been discussed in details

The socio-cultural context of illness has become a major research area, and it has made significant contributions to our understanding of the socio-cultural dimensions of illness. In this article, we briefly trace the roots of a socio-cultural approach to illness, and we present some of the key findings of socio-cultural organized under main themes. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy drugs in the treatment of HIV infection is complicated because of many psychosocial factors. The aim of the study was to investigate the psychosocial factors involved in non-compliance with ART among people infected with HIV in Alert Hospital in Ethiopia.

The HIV/AIDS epidemic is largely linked to high-risk populations such as female sex workers (FSWs). Therefore, behavioural interventions targeting FSWs, need to address inconsistent condom use among them. The aim of this study was to assess the psychosocial predictors of consistent condom use among FSWs in an urban own of Cameroon.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common peripheral vestibular disease; however intracranial lesions can mimic it. Intractable, not self-limiting paroxysmal positional vertigo sustained by intracranial tumors is called malignant paroxysmal positional vertigo (MPPV) while, when radiological imaging shows vascular cerebellar vermis lesions and there are atypical findings on the Dix-Hallpike maneuver, we speak about pseudo-benign paroxysmal type (pseudo-BPPV).

Knowledge of thermal and optical properties of rare earth oxides is important in the context of optoelectronic component and device development. The method of preparation of a sample has profound effect on its physical as well as chemical properties. In the present work Nd2O3 is prepared by two different methods such as oxalate and hydroxide methods. The thermal diffusivity of these differently Nd2O3 samples are determined by laser induced photoacoustic technique.

Bitemark analysis can be used for comparison of a known person’s dentition to a patterned injury which appears consisistent with a bitemark. This type of comparison is used to confirm or eliminate the identity of a suspect in relation to the bitemark. Because of the definite subjective in bite mark analysis it is considered as one of the most controversial of all forensic science investigations. There is a paucity of literature regarding the application and limitation of bite mark analysis in forensic science investigations. The aim of this paper is to review the current trends, applicability and guidelines of bite mark analysis.

Hydatid disease, which is also known as cystic echinococcosis, is a zoonotic infection caused by the cestode tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus and rarely by Echinococcus multilocularis. In this report we describe an unusual case of a 75-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital for a mass extending from the lumbar region to the right cervical region. Computed tomography and MRI revealed a huge cervical and thoracic mass of the right chest made of multiple cystic lesions.

The adequate care of cervical ballistic traumatisms implies a good preliminary knowledge of wounding agents, and of the principles governing lesion-based ballistic, in particular the role played by the meeting with an obstacle which modifies the ballistic behavior of the projectile, with worsened wounding effects. Authors describe the principal types of involved projectiles and their wound profile applied, while stressing the need to treat systematically the wound and not the weapon, and on the importance of the choice of the surgical exploration way of these lesions, which conditions, as from the initial stage, the later choices of the closure and rebuilding methods.