Articles Related to phenotype

Asthma is a common chronic airway disease affecting about 334 million people worldwide, and an estimated 7 million children globally. Approximately 10% of patients with asthma have severe refractory disease, which is uncontrolled despite using high doses of inhaled corticosteroids and other modifiers. Among these patients are patients with eosinophilic asthma. Eosinophilic asthma is a phenotype of asthma that is usually very severe and persistent, with frequent exacerbations. It is characterized by the presence of high levels of eosinophils, and CD+4 Th2 cells in the lungs and airways. Eosinophils play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and severity of asthma. Most patients with eosinophilic asthma respond to the classic stepwise guided treatment. However, 50% of patients with eosinophilic asthma are refractory to corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonists. Currently, there are targeted personalized biologics for these patients. These biotherapeutics include IgE, interleukin and interleukin receptor monoclonal antibodies,they have added advantageous steroid-sparing effects.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Anaemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. While adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) reduces the incidence of anaemia, non-adherence (defaulting) to ART is associated with a number of haematologic derangements including anaemia. However, the mechanisms and predictors of anaemia have not been examined among ART defaulters in western Kenya. This study, therefore, aimed at evaluating the anaemia prevalence and classification of the anaemia based on haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and erythrocyte morphology as well as suppression of erythropoiesis in ART-defaulting adults at a comprehensive care clinic in western Kenya.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

The fungus kingdom encompasses an enormous diversity of taxa with varied ecologies, life cycle strategies, and morphologies ranging from unicellular aquatic chytrids to large mushrooms. Studying fungal diversity is vital if we want to shed light on terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, there is still poor understanding of fungal diversity and variation given that fungi are highly diversified and that most of fungal species remain uncultured.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Haemoglobinopathies are inherited disorders of haemoglobin synthesis that are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality all over the world.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

The aim of this project was to evaluate the influence of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8 on gastric epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric epithelial cells.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Here we describe the case of a 35 year old male, with a harmonic phenotype, who sought medical assistance to assess the etiology of his infertility. As a result of clinical examination, karyotyping, FISH and molecular studies, we obtained the following karyotype: mos 45,X[18]/46,XY,idic(Y)q(11.2)[82]. Furthermore, the Y chromosome was characterized by the absence of the regions AZF2 (former AZFb, within the 11.22 band, and AZFc, within the 11.23 band), whereas the region AZF1 was conserved. Male infertility can be caused by several genetic alterations.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text

Metastatic gastric tumors (MGTs) mean the tumor cells that attack the stomach and grow there through blood vessel, lymph vessel, and other pathway, consistent with the primary tumor in phenotype, which are clinically uncommon, and information on MGTs is generally limited to single case reports. Here we present a clinical series of 8 cases with MGTs, in attention to discuss the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis of MGTs.

View complete article: PDF  |  Full-text