Articles Related to Plastic

The use of surface electromyography (sEMG) signals for clinical diagnosis is well appreciated in the medical field. However, the use of sEMG signals for the control of powered prosthetic limbs is still regarded as a futuristic idea. Past and present studies have focused more on the upper limb (hand) as compared to the lower limb (leg). The challenges associated with the controlling leg movement include designing for both balance and locomotion. After amputation, the muscle orientation and alignments on the residual stump changes as some of the anatomical landmarks are changed during surgical procedure. To achieve locomotion, some amputees, generally from third-world nations, use passive mechanical prosthetic limbs with a fixed ankle.

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Blumea lacera (Burn. f.) DC. (Family: Asteraceae) is an important member of Bangladeshi natural plant resource and it is an herbaceous weed locally known as Kukursunga. Different parts of this plant are used traditionally to cure various diseases. But detail study on the antioxidant and antineoplastic potentials of Blumea lacera leaves, has not yet been done. Aim of this study is to examine the antioxidant and antineoplastic properties and quantify the different type of phytochemical content of the methanolic extract of leaves of Blumea lacera (MELB). MELB contained a rich polyphenol, flavonol, flavonoid and proanthocyanidins. MELB showed moderate cytotoxic effect against Artemia salina (brine shrimp nauplii) where its LD50 values was 66.12 μg/ml. In vitro antioxidant assay, MELB exhibited a remarkable capacity to scavenge the tested reactive species. MELB scavenged DPPH with an IC50 of 33.64 μg/mL and 42.69 μg/mL, respectively. In vivo antineoplastic assay, MELB significantly (P<0.05) decreased viable cell count and increased the survival time of EAC cell bearing mice. Hematological profiles were also restored significantly (P<0.05) to normal levels in MELB treated mice as compared to untreated EAC control mice. In addition, fluorescence microscopic view of EAC cells derived from MELB-treated group showed apoptotic characteristics in treated cells compared to untreated EAC control. our findings suggest that methanolic extract of Blumea lacera leaves(MELB) might be a potential agent with antioxidant properties for prevention of cancer and has the merit for further investigation in isolating its active constituents.

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Several viruses are often believed to be associated with acquired aplastic anemia. There is paucity of literature proving the association between viruses and aplastic anemia. We aimed to study the association of aplastic anemia with Human Parvovirus B19 (B19V), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Hepatitis viruses, Measles virus (MV), Varicella Zoster virus (VZV) and Adenovirus (AdV). Between January 2020 to December 2020, confirmed cases of aplastic anemia and age and sex matched controls of iron deficiency anemia were enrolled in the study. They were tested for the above- mentioned viruses for antigen and/or IgM antibody by ELISA and/or nucleic acid by Real Time PCR in serum samples. Relevant history was collected. Cases were followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months after enrollment for recording the outcome. Total 68 cases and 34 controls were included in the study of which 61(89.70%) cases and 12(38.23%) controls were positive for markers of at-least one of the 10 viruses studied. B19V, EBV, CMV and Hepatitis B virus were found to be significantly associated with aplastic anemia. Five patients died within 12 months. Mortality was not associated with viral infections. Viral infections may play a role in pathogenesis of acquired aplastic anemia.

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Marine organisms, scientists, governmental and non-governmental organizations face a significant challenge as a result of the ubiquitousness of plastic and microplastics in the aquatic environment, particularly in Nigeria where there is little or no policy put in place to address the issue of microplastic pollution. Nigeria ranks ninth globally in terms of its contribution to ocean plastic pollution and currently does not have a federal ban on the majority of single-use plastics and equipment. This paper aimed to present the status of plastic pollution in Nigeria and some policies to curb the menace. Data analysis reveals that Bayesa, Katsina, Lagos, and Oyo are the four states that generate the majority of the plastic waste in Nigeria. The number of industries, markets, and urbanization in a location affect the quantity of plastic waste that is produced there and is not dependent on the population. This paper makes some policy suggestions and recommendations such as the federal prohibition and taxation on the use of plastic, ocean clean-up, technological innovation that will support the recycling industry in Nigeria, and the need for additional plastic research. Nigeria can apply the most recent plastic waste management strategies in European and Asian nations as a model and adopt them to reduce marine plastic pollution.

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Lack of degradability and the closing of landfill sites as well as growing water and land pollution problems have led to concern about plastics. In the past few decades, the use of plastics has enormously increased, mostly used for food packaging. Ironically, the most preferred property of plastics – durability – exerts also the major environmental threat. With the excessive use of plastics and increasing pressure being placed on capacities available for plastic waste disposal, the need for biodegradable plastics and biodegradation of plastic wastes has assumed increasing importance in the last few years.

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Temozolomide is an orally administered chemotherapeutic drug used concurrently with radiation for the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Although the addition of Temozolomide has shown to improve overall survival, it is commonly associated with haematological complications. Eltrombopag is an oral thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist that is also used off-label for temozolomide-induced aplastic anaemia.

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Plastics play an important role in modern society and are used daily in diverse applications due to their low cost, ease of manufacturing and attractive qualities

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Anaplastic large cell lymphoma with a small cell pattern is a rare T-cell lymphoma. This condition is frequently seen in young patients and should be considered in patients presenting with leucocytosis and constitutional symptoms. We report a case of small cell variant (SCV) of ALCL in a 68 year old man diagnosed by ALK immunohistochemistry (IHC) and cytogenetic analysis. The limitations of using only morphology in diagnosing this rare variant, has also been emphasised.

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To report a case of heterotopic pregnancy with ectopic egg location from a hypoplastic horn, raising diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties during its management

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Diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia is a rare malformation characterized by a poorly defined junction between the diencephalon and the mesencephalon, associated with a characteristic butterfly-like contour of the midbrain on axial Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sections (butterfly sign). This condition may be variably associated with other brain malformations, including callosal abnormalities and supratentorial developmental hydrocephalus. We report one newborn with third-trimester fetal ultrasound (US) showing ventriculomegaly. After full-term delivery, the baby had microcephaly and generalized hypotonia, and MRI undertaken at age of 5 days, showed features of diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia (DMJD). The hypothalamic-midbrain fusion and midbrain butterfly sign could have been seen on fetal MRI, thus allowing for the prenatal diagnosis of DMJD, with implications for the surgical management of hydrocephalus and parental counseling.

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Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TOCP) is a rare disease defined by the presence of osteocartilaginous foci in the submucosa, without direct connection to the cartilage structures of the respiratory tree. The disease is usually located in the trachea, sometimes in the bronchi and more rarely in the larynx.

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To evaluate the incidence and durability of compensatory hypertrophy with solitary kidneys in the setting of those with multicystic dysplastic kidney or Wilms tumor status post nephrectomy. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) and Wilms tumor (WT). MCDK patients were verified by sonographic findings prenatally. WT patients entered our study at time of nephrectomy. We compared the natural history of hypertrophy between the two cohorts via renal length measurement. We performed linear regression to predict creatinine clearance from renal length after adjusting for age and cohort status (MCDK v. WT).

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The identification of altered splicing signatures in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) could likely provide key markers for diagnosis, prognostication and development of novel therapeutics. This review presents an insight into role of spliceosomal gene mutations in the pathogenesis of MDS, emphasizing on their clinical and prognostic significance. We also discuss emerging studies delineating the functional consequences of these mutations and pointing towards the emergence of a new leukemogenic pathway involving spliceosomal dysfunction.

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Chronic urticaria is a common condition but its etiology can sometimes be serious. A variety of causes has been reported to induce urticaria, like food, infections, drugs or environmental factors. Although an association between chronic urticarial and malignancy has been occasionally reported, such association remains controversial because it’s difficult to demonstrate it’s not just coincidental. However, various cancers have been described in connection with this skin pathology such as thyroid, pulmonary or renal carcinoma. In all of these cases, treatment of the tumor led to prompt resolution of the urticarial lesions, thus suggesting a pathogenetic relationship between the two. We report the case of a man treated for several months without success for chronic urticaria whose treatment of the recurrence of his prostate cancer has removed the skin lesions.

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Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia is an unusual hematological disorder characterized by severe thrombocytopenia in association with a marked decrease, or the absence, of megakaryocytes in bone marrow. Its pathogenesis is not well understood and its clinical course is variable. Several treatments have been used, producing different responses. We present a case that was successfully treated with a calcineurin inhibitor combined with a thrombopoiesis-stimulating agent.

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