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Calf morbidity and mortality are important causes of economic losses on dairy farms worldwide. A cross-sectional study and clinical observation was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 with the objective of determining calf morbidity and mortality and to investigate the potential risk factors for mortality and morbidity in Sululta and its environs. A total of 312 respondents engaged in market oriented small holder dairying were interviewed using a structured questionnaire survey about their farm and calf management practices and major calf health problems encountered and diseases that causes mortality. The overall magnitude of morbidity and mortality of calves were 31.0% and 58.37%, respectively. The major calf diseases found were diarrhea (69.34%), pneumonia (16.54%), liver fluke (2.4%), bloat (2.0%), joint ill (2.4%) and other cases (8.04%). Risk factors such as weaning age, breed and awareness of colostrums, feeding of calf and overall farm management were included. In this study 80.3% of calf mortality occurs under age 3 month and 19.42% is above 3 month. Based on laboratory examination, Salmonella and E.coli were detected from diarrheic calves. Salmonella found at rate of 2/29 (3.6%) and E.coli found at only genus level. In conclusion, the magnitude of calf morbidity and mortality found in this study were much higher than economically tolerable level and could greatly affect the productivity of the dairy farms through mainly decreasing the availability of replacement stock and production of milk. It is therefore, suggested that implementation of improved calf and farm management practices and proper environmental protection in the study areas would significantly reduce calf mortality and morbidity.

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Two hundred Archachatina marginata snails, one hundred each of A. marginata var. saturalis and A. marginata var. ovum with weights ranging from 33.10 – 349.00 g and 127.60 – 443.40 g, respectively sorted out of a base population were used for this study. Phenotypic traits measured on each of these snail varieties/strains included shell length, shell width, aperture length, aperture width, spiral length, spiral width, diagonal length, length between aperture and first spiral, number of whorls and body weight. Data collected were used to estimate phenotypic correlations between pairs of traits and to predict the relationship between body weight and other dimensional shell measurements (DSM). Results of phenotypic correlations between body weight and the DSM and between the DSM of the two A. marginata varieties showed that all the pairs of phenotypic traits investigated on A. marginata var. ovum expressed positive correlation values, while the pairs investigated on A. marginata var. saturalis showed both positive and negative correlation values. The regression estimates of parameters and coefficients of determination for the simple linear function of A. marginata var. ovum snails showed slightly high and very strong interrelationship between body weight and one phenotypic trait, while the multiple linear function for predicting body weight using four phenotypic traits showed highly significant and very strong interrelationship. In A. maginata var. saturalis snails, both the simple and multiple linear regression equations showed highly significant and very strong interrelationships between body weight and shell parameters. The range values of coefficient of determination showed that 78 to 100% of the variability in both snail strains body weights can be explained by changes in the considered dimensional shell parameters. Also, the linear functions with four and two parameters/traits best predicted the live weights of A. marginata var. saturalis and A. marginata var. ovum snails, respectively. Prediction results showed that explainable traits best predicted live weight when more than one phenotypic/shell trait were fitted into the regression functions.

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We aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding food additives among medical and engineering students.This cross-sectional descriptive study included students from Inonu University Medicine and Engineering Faculty. The sample size was calculated considering the prevalence rate of food additive knowledge as 22.3%, with a 95% confidence interval, 80% power and 918 individuals. A questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic characteristics of the students and their knowledge regarding food additives. Scores for knowledge regarding food additives were created; eight questions were posed to the students, and each known correct answer was given a score of 1. Pearson’s chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for data analysis.Mean age of the students was 21.74 ± 2.56 years, and 51.7% of them were males. Knowledge level regarding the definition of food additives was not different between genders (p > 0.05). Medical students had significantly higher knowledge levels (92.2%) about the definition of food additives compared to those of engineering students (80.4%) (p < 0.05). More males (52.8%) than females (49.3%) and more medical students (51.6%) than engineering students (50.7%) stated a significantly higher rate of daily consumption of processed foods containing additives (p < 0.05). The median scores of knowledge regarding food additives were not significantly different between gender and faculty (p > 0.05).The present study demonstrated that the rate of the participants who knew the definition of food additives as well as those who perceived food additives to be unsafe were high. Although the knowledge levels on FAs of the students were high in general, it was observed that the frequency of food consumed daily was high This suggests that further research and effective interventions are required to ensure that knowledge turns into behaviour.

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The variability of morphological markers of the reproductive organs in seven natural populations and nine artificial plantations of the Scots pine of Ukrainian Polissya (Volyn, Rivne and Kyiv regions) was studied. The colour of cones, seeds, winged seeds, and the apophysis of the cones of the trees were used as morphological markers.

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Surgical site infections are amongst the leading cause of morbidity, mortality and cost due to increased hospital stay by patients. A study was conducted to understand antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of major pathogens isolated from surgical site infections in Belize.

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Studies relating cigarette smoking and body weight yield conflicting results. Weight-lowering effects in women and men have been associated with smoking; however, no effects on weight have been proven. This study examined the association between cigarette smoking and relative weight in adolescent males and females as they age into young adults.

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To identify pathogens that are frequently isolated from wound infections in the Turks and Caicos Islands and formulate antibiogram based on their patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility. Bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility data from 1343 wound swabs cultured at the Cheshire Hall Medical Laboratory between January 2013 and November 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique was used to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 79.1% of the 1343 swabs cultured were positive yielding a total of 1687 bacterial isolates. Frequently isolated bacteria included Staphylococcus aureus which accounted for 27.6% of isolates, approximately a third of which were methicillin resistant, Pseudomonas spp. (12.1%), Proteus spp. (8.2%), Enterococcus spp. (7.8%), E. coli (7.2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (6.1%), Klebsiella spp. (5.5%), Acinetobacter spp. (4.3%), coagulase negative Staphyloccus (4.0%) and Enterobacter spp. (3.7%). The overall highest resistance rates were seen among tetracycline (46.3%), erythromycin (37.6%) and ceftriaxone (34.2%). Imipenem, penicillin, meropenem and vancomycin had sensitivity rates ranging from 92.3% to 99.5%. Individual resistance rates varied among isolates, some differing significantly from overall rates. When tested against antibiotics routinely used to treat Pseudomonas spp., resistance rates ranged from 1.4-55.5%.

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Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is associated with the inflammatory responses modulation, which could culminate in chronic metabolic diseases. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart. mart.) pulp consumption on the anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters in women clinically healthy, with IFN-γ, respectively, smaller and higher than 5 pg/mL. Twenty four women in G1 (with IFN-γ concentrations smaller than 5 pg/mL) and sixteen in G2 (with IFN-γ concentrations greater than 5 pg / mL), consumed 200g per day of acai pulp during four weeks. Anthropometric and body composition measurements, biochemical and clinical data were evaluated before and after the intervention

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Correlation formulas are developed to estimate the dietary and total greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) from Group of Twenty (G20) and the world in 2014 and 2017 using personal meat consumption as the required input. Among the 43 states involved in G20, the 28 states of the European Union (EU28) are considered as a whole. Based on 47,381 dietary survey samples, a formula is developed to establish the relationship between the meat consumption and GHGEs from human dietary and total activities.

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Vascular variations of the head and neck are common, but oft en go unnoticed because they generally do not present clear clinical symptoms. Lack of awareness of the presence and location of such variations may result in iatrogenic complications or even fatalities. Physicians and surgeons should be cognizant of such variations given their potential clinical signifi cance.

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The mental health as field of action for the physiotherapists is an important challenge that implies formation and investigation. The alterations of the mental health on a global scale are nowadays a problem of public health that it makes necessary that the professionals of the area of the health have a deeper knowledge on the topic to act of way adapted from the prevention and intervention.

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease. Several indexes can measure SLE activity, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) is one of them. The aim was to associate SLEDAI with inflammatory biomarkers present in serum (C3, C4, CH50, C-reactive protein, and creatinine), proteinuria (urine 24h) and urine NGAL in SLE patients. This study included 43 SLE patients who were arranged in two groups according to the value of SLEDAI. One group, SLEDAI 0-4 (n=25), included SLE patients with low activity, and the other group, SLEDAI >4 (n=18), included SLE patients form moderate to high activity. Level of urine NGAL (uNGAL) was determined by ELISA, and the data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 5.

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The identification of altered splicing signatures in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) could likely provide key markers for diagnosis, prognostication and development of novel therapeutics. This review presents an insight into role of spliceosomal gene mutations in the pathogenesis of MDS, emphasizing on their clinical and prognostic significance. We also discuss emerging studies delineating the functional consequences of these mutations and pointing towards the emergence of a new leukemogenic pathway involving spliceosomal dysfunction.

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Attribution of etiology for disease syndromes is critical to guide appropriate public health interventions. Partial latent class analysis model (pLCM) methods have recently been developed to address this area of research; however, model parameters, assumptions, and performance are not well understood for the general etiology problem.

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The application of electronic-nose (E-nose) technologies in forensic science is a recent new development following a long history of progress in the development of diverse applications in the related biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Data from forensic analyses must satisfy the needs and requirements of both the scientific and legal communities. The type of data collected from electronic-nose devices provides a means of identifying specific types of information about the chemical nature of evidentiary objects and samples under investigation using aroma signature profiles of complex gaseous mixtures containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from manufactured products and parts of the human body. E-nose analyses also provide useful qualitative information about the physicochemical characteristics and metabolic conditions of human subjects without the need for time-consuming analyses to identify all chemical components in human-derived volatile mixtures.

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Carbon nanotube (NT) based electronic vapor sensors were tested against synthetic sweat solutions, consisting of 13 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in saline, in order to probe the device ability to analyze and differentiate vapors derived from complex biological samples.

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The collection of human odor volatiles is of interest to forensic applications as a path to investigate canine scent discriminations in legal investigations. A study using a selected array of previously identified human odor compounds has been conducted to determine the retention and release capabilities of five (5) natural and synthetic fabric types, cotton (mercerized fabric and gauze matrix), polyester, rayon and wool.

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Anodic aluminum oxide doped with vanadyl citrate chelate complex anions was formed by a two-step self-organized anodization in 2 wt. % sulfuric acid containing 0.04 M V2O5 and 0.08 M citric acid at voltage range 13-23 V, and at 0 and 15 oC. The combination of two temperatures and at least four voltages (depending on the applied temperature) was applied as the operating conditions of anodization.

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