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PWS is increasingly recognized as a “functional vital sign” and is associated with future health outcomes, including hospitaliza tion, cognitive decline, falls, and mortality [1-5]. A PWS > 1.0 m/s is generally associated with good health and functional inde pendence, whereas walking speeds < 0.6 m/s may represent a clinical “yellow ” for increased health risks and functional dec line [1-3]. Furthermore, a change of approximately 0.1 m/s is considered minimally detectable or clinically meaningful improve ment in walking performance [3-5]. However, walking safety and y may be d by multiple factors including age, sex, medical comorbidities, musculoskeletal impairment, and orthopedic surgical procedures [5-7].

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Nigeria is home to several natural beauties and has a rich, diverse wildlife. Several factors threaten the survival of wild animals, including habitat loss, poaching, climate change, and wildlife diseases, especially those caused by gastrointestinal parasites [1]. Zoological gardens display collections of wild animals for research, conservation, education, and recreation. Animals in zoos are captured from their natural habitats and kept in man-made environments [2, 3].

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Saliva calprotectin (sCLP) is a simple and inexpensive marker to detect oral neutrophil-induced inflammation [1,2] and is increased in patients with periodontitis (PO) [3] which is associated with severe pathologies such as cancer [4], metabolic syndrome [5], psoriasis [6] as well as bone loss [7], or brain [8], cardiovascular [9], or joints inflammation [10], all of which requires active prevention.

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Cheiloscopy refers to the study of lip print patterns formed by grooves on the vermilion border of the lips. unique to individuals and remain stable throughout life, making them valuable in forensic identi cation. Lip prints develop during in utero period and are genetically determined.

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According to population present in India with Internet access has developed significantly, with adolescents and young emerg ing adults including the majority of users. It is essential to understand the frequency, correlates, and impact of online gaming on the psychological well-being of gamers compared to non-gamers in contemporary society. Males are more prone to violent games, while girls are more likely to play non-violent ones. It is also vital to analyze any differences between these two cate gories of games [1].

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Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, progressive, and potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity characterized by juxta-epithelial inflammatory reaction and progressive fibrosis of the lamina propria and deeper connective tissues, leading to stiffness of the oral mucosa and limitation of mouth opening. The condition is predominantly reported in South and South east Asian populations and is strongly associated with the habitual use of areca nut, betel quid, and tobacco products [1, 4]. Clinically, OSMF presents with burning sensation of the oral mucosa, blanching, formation of fibrotic bands, intolerance to spi cy food, and progressive trismus [2, 3]

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Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) is an informative test primarily used to detect abnormalities in the gamma region, particularly to identify monoclonal immunoglobulins (M- proteins) in multiple myeloma (MM). MM is the second most common hematologic cancer, mainly affecting adults over 65. This study presents SPE results from routine laboratory check- ups in healthy Bulgarian adults.

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People Living with HIV (PLHIV) have a higher risk of mental health issues than the public. HIV and related infections can affect the brain and the rest of the nervous system. This may change how a person thinks and behaves. In addition, some medications used to treat HIV may have side effects that affect a person's mental health [1]. HIV causes significant inflammation in the body. This inflammation can cause neurological complications by damaging the spinal cord and brain, which form the central nervous system. Despite effective Antiretroviral (ART), people with HIV are still at risk for central nervous system diseases associated with HIV. These diseases can be neurological (affecting the nervous system) or neurocognitive (affecting cognition or mental processing).

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Age related changes in combination of voice and swallowing are often unaddressed in geriatric population. The study highlights the coexistence of presbyphonia and presbyphagia. Early diagnosis and providing appropriate intervention strategies can help improve the individual’s quality of life.

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The results of the HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer trial presented by Dr. Sara M. Tolaney at the ASCO Annual Meeting 2025, shows a promising new treatment for metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. The study found that using T-DXd with pertuzumab nearly doubles how long patients can control their disease compared to the standard treatment, THP.1.

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The results highlight the notetaking findings from the PISCES trial conducted by Dr. Charmaine E. Lok, who studied the impact of fish-oil supplementation on cardiovascular diseases among the haemodialysis patients. Between November 28, 2013, and July 22, 2019, 1,228 participants were under randomized case-study, with 610 assigned to the fish-oil group and 618 to the placebo group [1]. Over a follow-up period of 3.5 years, results showed a noticeable lower rate of serious cardiovascular diseases in the fish-oil group (0.31 vs. 0.61 per 1000 patient days), providing a hazard ratio of 0.57 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.70; P<0.001) [2].

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In the SYNCHRONIZE-1 trial conducted by Le Roux CW, the efficacy and safety of Survodutide for the treatment of obesity were analyzed in patients aged 18 or older with a BMI of 30 or above (meaning obese); patients with a BMI of 27 or above with at least one overweight-related health issue like hypertension, etc.; and patients having a history of unsuccessful dietary weight loss.

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Antibiotics are especially used in obstetric practice during c-section as there is greater chance of postoperative infection.

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Pseudotrimezia juncifolia popularly known in Brazil as ruibarbo or beressol, is an endemic species, particularly found in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest regions of Brazil.

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Motorcycle-related head injuries remain a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. Although helmet use is an effective preventive measure, compliance remains inconsistent due to various contextual factors.

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With this special issue of JMSN we are pleased to present significant contributions to a fascinating topic in the field of materials nanostructing, which is the anodization of valve metals. By this treatment porous oxides of controlled geometry can be grown on the respective metal surfaces. To date, aluminum (Al) has been used most often, as confirmed in this special issue where nine out of ten contributions deals with its anodization.

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The results are presented of obtaining anodic aluminum oxide with an ordered pore arrangement by employing two anodizing modes - galvanostatic mode and combined (galvanostatic + potentiostatic) mode, at high values of the current density and voltage. Use has been made of an oxalate electrolyte and a complex electrolyte comprising oxalic acid and phosphoric acid. Scanning electron microscopy has been used to investigate the surface morphology of the barrier and porous layers and to determine pore sizes and inter-pore distance.

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Self-organized anodic porous alumina films with hexagonal pore lattice have attracted a considerable attention for biological arrays and confinement of various organic probes dyes in solutions. A molecular structure with axial symmetry in bis-heterocyclic indole chains and conjugate system, such as cyanine fluorophore Cy3 dye, was investigated here with respect to its fluorescence when loaded in the anodic alumina pores.

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Two basic reactions occur during the anodizing of aluminum: 1) the aluminum is consumed and 2) an oxide grows. By accepting this statement as true, the anodizing process can be viewed as a corrosion process, and anodizing can be modeled using the Tafel Equation. Anodizing process parameters of electrolyte chemistry and concentration, temperature, aluminum substrate resistance and current density are presented as they relate to the Tafel Equation and how they impact the anodic aluminum oxide structure and properties. Understanding this relationship is consequent in making anodizing an engineering process, one that enables tuning the structure such that it yields distinct characteristics to fulfill design and application requirements.

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Human odor detection technologies have drawn attention due to the wide possibility of potential applications they open up in areas such as biometrics, criminal investigation and forensics, search for survivors under rubble, and security checkpoint screening. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been the most successful and powerful analytical approach developed to date for human odor analysis, and hundreds of human odorants have been identified using this tool.

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The application of electronic-nose (E-nose) technologies in forensic science is a recent new development following a long history of progress in the development of diverse applications in the related biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Data from forensic analyses must satisfy the needs and requirements of both the scientific and legal communities. The type of data collected from electronic-nose devices provides a means of identifying specific types of information about the chemical nature of evidentiary objects and samples under investigation using aroma signature profiles of complex gaseous mixtures containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from manufactured products and parts of the human body. E-nose analyses also provide useful qualitative information about the physicochemical characteristics and metabolic conditions of human subjects without the need for time-consuming analyses to identify all chemical components in human-derived volatile mixtures.

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Carbon nanotube (NT) based electronic vapor sensors were tested against synthetic sweat solutions, consisting of 13 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in saline, in order to probe the device ability to analyze and differentiate vapors derived from complex biological samples.

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The collection of human odor volatiles is of interest to forensic applications as a path to investigate canine scent discriminations in legal investigations. A study using a selected array of previously identified human odor compounds has been conducted to determine the retention and release capabilities of five (5) natural and synthetic fabric types, cotton (mercerized fabric and gauze matrix), polyester, rayon and wool.

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The anodization of aluminum foils having micrometer thickness is a common process and results in hexagonally self-ordered alumina membranes. However, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes fabricated from nanometer-thin films present new challenges to the anodization process, since aluminum films adheres poorly on supporting substrates and the smoothness of the film is highly related to the kind of substrate.

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Anodisation of pure titanium has been carried out in sulphuric and in phosphoric acid solutions at potentials ranging from 50 to 150V. The SEM and AFM morphological analysis indicates that, within this potential range, oxidation in sulphuric acid solution produces better developed mesoporous oxide layers.

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We investigated a method for preparation of ordered nanopore arrays with the interpore distance of 60 nm by guided self-organization of anodic aluminum oxide with a prepatterned array of pits in the starting Al film.

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The design of an electrochemical reactor for the preparation of self-supported comparatively thin (up to 10 μm) and large area (up to 50 cm2) anodic alumina membranes is described allowing growth of porous alumina at high applied potential (up to 150 V) without burning.

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Vertical Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanowire arrays have been synthesized via two-step electroplating method into anodized aluminum oxide template. For deposition of CZTS nanowires, anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) was used as the growth mask for the growth of the nanowires. AAO templates with hole sizes of 70 nm in diameter were used in the experiments.

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Anodic aluminum oxide doped with vanadyl citrate chelate complex anions was formed by a two-step self-organized anodization in 2 wt. % sulfuric acid containing 0.04 M V2O5 and 0.08 M citric acid at voltage range 13-23 V, and at 0 and 15 oC. The combination of two temperatures and at least four voltages (depending on the applied temperature) was applied as the operating conditions of anodization.

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In this paper, we report on the synthesis of BaTiO3 nanowires via the anodic aluminum oxide template method. To fill in the precursors of BaTiO3 into anodic aluminum oxide templates, the vacuum and drop loading method developed in our previous study was used. Ba(CH3COO)2 (barium acetate) and C12H28O4Ti (tetraisopropyl orthotitanate) were used as Ba and Ti sources, respectively. Anodic aluminum oxide membranes with the through-hole diameter of ~200 nm were used as the template for BaTiO3 nanowires.

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